# Pregel API 图本身是递归数据结构，顶点的属性依赖于它们邻居的属性，这些邻居的属性又依赖于自己邻居的属性。所以许多重要的图算法都是迭代的重新计算每个顶点的属性，直到满足某个确定的条件。一系列的graph-parallel抽象已经被提出来用来表达这些迭代算法。GraphX公开了一个类似Pregel的操作，它是广泛使用的Pregel和GraphLab抽象的一个融合。 在GraphX中，更高级的Pregel操作是一个约束到图拓扑的批量同步（bulk-synchronous）并行消息抽象。Pregel操作者执行一系列的超级步骤（super steps），在这些步骤中，顶点从之前的超级步骤中接收进入(inbound)消息的总和，为顶点属性计算一个新的值，然后在以后的超级步骤中发送消息到邻居顶点。不像Pregel而更像GraphLab，消息作为一个边三元组的函数被并行计算，消息计算既访问了源顶点特征也访问了目的顶点特征。在超级步中，没有收到消息的顶点被跳过。当没有消息遗留时，Pregel操作停止迭代并返回最终的图。 注意，与更标准的Pregel实现不同的是，GraphX中的顶点仅仅能发送信息给邻居顶点，并利用用户自定义的消息函数构造消息。这些限制允许在GraphX进行额外的优化。 一下是[ Pregel操作](https://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/scala/index.html#org.apache.spark.graphx.GraphOps@pregel[A](A,Int,EdgeDirection)((VertexId,VD,A)⇒VD,(EdgeTriplet[VD,ED])⇒Iterator[(VertexId,A)],(A,A)⇒A)(ClassTag[A]):Graph[VD,ED])的类型签名以及实现草图（注意，访问graph.cache已经被删除） ~~~ class GraphOps[VD, ED] { def pregel[A] (initialMsg: A, maxIter: Int = Int.MaxValue, activeDir: EdgeDirection = EdgeDirection.Out) (vprog: (VertexId, VD, A) => VD, sendMsg: EdgeTriplet[VD, ED] => Iterator[(VertexId, A)], mergeMsg: (A, A) => A) : Graph[VD, ED] = { // Receive the initial message at each vertex var g = mapVertices( (vid, vdata) => vprog(vid, vdata, initialMsg) ).cache() // compute the messages var messages = g.mapReduceTriplets(sendMsg, mergeMsg) var activeMessages = messages.count() // Loop until no messages remain or maxIterations is achieved var i = 0 while (activeMessages > 0 && i < maxIterations) { // Receive the messages: ----------------------------------------------------------------------- // Run the vertex program on all vertices that receive messages val newVerts = g.vertices.innerJoin(messages)(vprog).cache() // Merge the new vertex values back into the graph g = g.outerJoinVertices(newVerts) { (vid, old, newOpt) => newOpt.getOrElse(old) }.cache() // Send Messages: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ // Vertices that didn't receive a message above don't appear in newVerts and therefore don't // get to send messages. More precisely the map phase of mapReduceTriplets is only invoked // on edges in the activeDir of vertices in newVerts messages = g.mapReduceTriplets(sendMsg, mergeMsg, Some((newVerts, activeDir))).cache() activeMessages = messages.count() i += 1 } g } } ~~~ 注意，pregel有两个参数列表（graph.pregel(list1)(list2)）。第一个参数列表包含配置参数初始消息、最大迭代数、发送消息的边的方向（默认是沿边方向出）。第二个参数列表包含用户自定义的函数用来接收消息（vprog）、计算消息（sendMsg）、合并消息（mergeMsg）。 我们可以用Pregel操作表达计算单源最短路径( single source shortest path)。 ~~~ import org.apache.spark.graphx._ // Import random graph generation library import org.apache.spark.graphx.util.GraphGenerators // A graph with edge attributes containing distances val graph: Graph[Int, Double] = GraphGenerators.logNormalGraph(sc, numVertices = 100).mapEdges(e => e.attr.toDouble) val sourceId: VertexId = 42 // The ultimate source // Initialize the graph such that all vertices except the root have distance infinity. val initialGraph = graph.mapVertices((id, _) => if (id == sourceId) 0.0 else Double.PositiveInfinity) val sssp = initialGraph.pregel(Double.PositiveInfinity)( (id, dist, newDist) => math.min(dist, newDist), // Vertex Program triplet => { // Send Message if (triplet.srcAttr + triplet.attr < triplet.dstAttr) { Iterator((triplet.dstId, triplet.srcAttr + triplet.attr)) } else { Iterator.empty } }, (a,b) => math.min(a,b) // Merge Message ) println(sssp.vertices.collect.mkString("\n")) ~~~