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# 创建新的会话（session）创建一个新的会话（session） ## 使用样例 ```java // Java DesiredCapabilities desiredCapabilities = new DesiredCapabilities(); desiredCapabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION, "10.3"); desiredCapabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME, "iPhone Simulator"); desiredCapabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.AUTOMATION_NAME, "XCUITest"); desiredCapabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.APP, "/path/to/ios/app.zip"); URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"); IOSDriver driver = new IOSDriver(url, desiredCapabilities); String sessionId = driver.getSessionId().toString(); ``` ```python # Python desired_caps = { 'platformName': 'Android', 'platformVersion': '7.0', 'deviceName': 'Android Emulator', 'automationName': 'UiAutomator2', 'app': PATH('/path/to/app') } self.driver = webdriver.Remote('http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub', desired_caps) ``` ```javascript // Javascript // webdriver.io example let options = { desiredCapabilities: { platformName: 'Android', platformVersion: '7.0', automationName: 'UiAutomator2', app: path.resolve('path', 'to', 'app.apk') }}; let client = driver.newSession(options); // wd example let driver = await wd.promiseChainRemote({ host: '127.0.0.1', port: 4723 }); let desiredCaps = { platformName: 'Android', platformVersion: '7.0', deviceName: 'Android Emulator', app: path.resolve('path', 'to', 'app.apk') }; await driver.init(desiredCaps); ``` ```ruby # Ruby # ruby_lib example APP_PATH = '../../path/to/app.app' desired_caps = { caps: { platformName: 'iOS', platformVersion: '10.2', deviceName: 'iPhone 6', app: APP_PATH, automationName: "XCUITest" } } Appium::Driver.new(desired_caps).start_driver # ruby_lib_core example ::Appium::Core.for(desired_caps).start_driver ``` ```php # PHP // TODO PHP sample ``` ```csharp // C# AppiumOptions capabilities = new AppiumOptions(); appiumOptions.AddAdditionalCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PlatformName, "Android"); appiumOptions.AddAdditionalCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PlatformVersion, "7.1.1"); appiumOptions.AddAdditionalCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DeviceName, "Android Device"); appiumOptions.AddAdditionalCapability("appPackage", "com.instagram.android"); appiumOptions.AddAdditionalCapability("appActivity", "com.instagram.android.activity.MainTabActivity"); AndroidDriver<AndroidElement> driver = new AndroidDriver<AndroidElement>(new Uri("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"), appiumOptions); ``` ## 描述服务器应尝试创建一个与desired capabilities以及Required capabilities中各项最匹配的会话。 * [JSONWP规范](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki/JsonWireProtocol#session-1) Required capabilities比desired capabilities有更高的优先级，并且创建会话（session）时Required capabilities必须被设置。 * [W3C 规范](https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver/#dfn-new-session) capabilities.alwaysMatch在创建会话（session）时必须被设置; capabilities.firstMatch 必须匹配至少一项 (第一个匹配项会被使用) ## 支持 ### Appium Server |平台|Driver|平台版本|Appium版本|Driver版本| |--------|----------------|------|--------------|--------------| | iOS | [XCUITest](../../drivers/ios-xcuitest.md) | 9.3+ | 1.6.0+ | All | | | [UIAutomation](../../drivers/ios-uiautomation.md) | 8.0 to 9.3 | All | All | | Android | [Espresso](../../drivers/android-espresso.md) | ?+ | 1.9.0+ | All | | | [UiAutomator2](../../drivers/android-uiautomator2.md) | ?+ | 1.6.0+ | All | | | [UiAutomator](../../drivers/android-uiautomator.md) | 4.3+ | All | All | | Mac | [Mac](../../drivers/mac.md) | ?+ | 1.6.4+ | All | | Windows | [Windows](../../drivers/windows.md) | 10+ | 1.6.0+ | All | ### Appium客户端 |语言|支持版本|文档| |--------|-------|-------------| |[Java](https://github.com/appium/java-client/releases/latest)| All | [seleniumhq.github.io](https://seleniumhq.github.io/selenium/docs/api/java/org/openqa/selenium/remote/server/DefaultSession.html#createSession-org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.DriverFactory-org.openqa.selenium.remote.server.Clock-org.openqa.selenium.remote.SessionId-org.openqa.selenium.Capabilities-) | |[Python](https://github.com/appium/python-client/releases/latest)| All | [selenium-python.readthedocs.io](http://selenium-python.readthedocs.io/api.html#selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement.clear) | |[Javascript (WebdriverIO)](http://webdriver.io/index.html)| All | | |[Javascript (WD)](https://github.com/admc/wd/releases/latest)| All | [github.com](https://github.com/admc/wd/blob/master/lib/commands.js#L1780) | |[Ruby](https://github.com/appium/ruby_lib/releases/latest)| All | [www.rubydoc.info](https://www.rubydoc.info/gems/selenium-webdriver/Selenium/WebDriver/Element:clear) | |[PHP](https://github.com/appium/php-client/releases/latest)| All | [github.com](https://github.com/appium/php-client/) | |[C#](https://github.com/appium/appium-dotnet-driver/releases/latest)| All | [github.com](https://github.com/appium/appium-dotnet-driver/) | ## HTTP API规范 ### 终端 `POST /session` ### URL参数 None ### JSON参数 |名称|类型|描述| |----|----|-----------| | desiredCapabilities | `object` | ([JSONWP 规范](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki/JsonWireProtocol#session-1)) 对象，描述创建会话所需的 [desired capabilities](../../writing-running-appium/caps.md) | | requiredCapabilities | `object` | ([JSONWP 规范](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki/JsonWireProtocol#session-1)) 对象，描述创建会话所需的 required capabilities，一定被移动端应用 | | capabilities | `object` | ([W3C 规范](https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver/#dfn-new-session)) 对象，包含'alwaysMatch' and 'firstMatch' 属性 | | capabilities.alwaysMatch | `object` | 移动端必须匹配的[desired capabilities](../../writing-running-appium/caps.md) | | capabilities.firstMatch | `array<object>` | capabilities的数组，移动端会尝试在其中进行匹配。匹配数组中的第一个。 | ### 响应一个描述会话（session）的 capabilities的对象 (`object`) ## 参考 * [W3C Specification](https://www.w3.org/TR/webdriver/#dfn-new-session) * [JSONWP Specification](https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium/wiki/JsonWireProtocol#session-1) 本文由 [KangarooChen](https://github.com/KangarooChen) 翻译，Last english version: 1be5bd8c1e22fe46188dd9c498766ae587c88887, 4 Mar 2020