## **使用tone()函数弹奏一段小曲**
本例向你展示如何使用**tone()**函数来播放一些音符。在本例中你可能会听到一些耳熟能详的小曲子。
### **所需硬件**
Arduino板Genuino板
压电式蜂鸣器或扬声器
面包板跳线
连接线
### **电路**
![图片来自官网](http://img.blog.csdn.net/20160428175800166)
### **原理图**
![图片来自官网](http://img.blog.csdn.net/20160428175816291)
### **代码**
这个工程用到了另一个头文件:pitches.h。这个文件包含了所有常见的音符对应的音调值。比如NOTE_C4代表中央C,NOTE_FS4代表F#以此类推。这个音符表是Brett Hagman(tone函数原型的作者)写的。当你想要发出播放音符的时候,这个头文件可能会派大用处。
例程代码如下
~~~
/*
曲调
播放一首小曲
电路搭建:
* 8号引脚连接8Ω扬声器
代码是公开的。
*/
#include "pitches.h"
//基本音符:
int melody[] = {
NOTE_C4, NOTE_G3, NOTE_G3, NOTE_A3, NOTE_G3, 0, NOTE_B3, NOTE_C4
};
// 4代表四分音符,8代表8分音符,以此类推:
int noteDurations[] = {
4, 8, 8, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4
};
void setup() {
// 迭代(转悠名词)小曲中的音符:
for (int thisNote = 0; thisNote < 8; thisNote++) {
// 要根据音符种类计算播放每个音符播放的时间,只需要使用一秒除以音符的种类
//例如,四分音符播放时间为1000 / 4,八分音符播放时间为=1000/8,以此类推。
int noteDuration = 1000 / noteDurations[thisNote];
tone(8, melody[thisNote], noteDuration);
// 为了让人耳能够分辨清楚每个音符,设置播放每个音符间的最小间隔时间。音符的播放时间*1.3作为间隔时间是比较好的选择:
int pauseBetweenNotes = noteDuration * 1.30;
delay(pauseBetweenNotes);
// stop the tone playing:
noTone(8);
}
}
void loop() {
// no need to repeat the melody.
}
~~~
为了包含这个新的pitches.h 文件,你可以点击串口监视器下面的下箭头按钮,选择新代码页(New Tab)选项。或者按快捷键Ctrl+Shift+N。
![图片来自官网](http://img.blog.csdn.net/20160428175942413)
接着,粘贴以下代码到代码编辑区域:
~~~
/*************************************************
* Public Constants
*************************************************/
#define NOTE_B0 31
#define NOTE_C1 33
#define NOTE_CS1 35
#define NOTE_D1 37
#define NOTE_DS1 39
#define NOTE_E1 41
#define NOTE_F1 44
#define NOTE_FS1 46
#define NOTE_G1 49
#define NOTE_GS1 52
#define NOTE_A1 55
#define NOTE_AS1 58
#define NOTE_B1 62
#define NOTE_C2 65
#define NOTE_CS2 69
#define NOTE_D2 73
#define NOTE_DS2 78
#define NOTE_E2 82
#define NOTE_F2 87
#define NOTE_FS2 93
#define NOTE_G2 98
#define NOTE_GS2 104
#define NOTE_A2 110
#define NOTE_AS2 117
#define NOTE_B2 123
#define NOTE_C3 131
#define NOTE_CS3 139
#define NOTE_D3 147
#define NOTE_DS3 156
#define NOTE_E3 165
#define NOTE_F3 175
#define NOTE_FS3 185
#define NOTE_G3 196
#define NOTE_GS3 208
#define NOTE_A3 220
#define NOTE_AS3 233
#define NOTE_B3 247
#define NOTE_C4 262
#define NOTE_CS4 277
#define NOTE_D4 294
#define NOTE_DS4 311
#define NOTE_E4 330
#define NOTE_F4 349
#define NOTE_FS4 370
#define NOTE_G4 392
#define NOTE_GS4 415
#define NOTE_A4 440
#define NOTE_AS4 466
#define NOTE_B4 494
#define NOTE_C5 523
#define NOTE_CS5 554
#define NOTE_D5 587
#define NOTE_DS5 622
#define NOTE_E5 659
#define NOTE_F5 698
#define NOTE_FS5 740
#define NOTE_G5 784
#define NOTE_GS5 831
#define NOTE_A5 880
#define NOTE_AS5 932
#define NOTE_B5 988
#define NOTE_C6 1047
#define NOTE_CS6 1109
#define NOTE_D6 1175
#define NOTE_DS6 1245
#define NOTE_E6 1319
#define NOTE_F6 1397
#define NOTE_FS6 1480
#define NOTE_G6 1568
#define NOTE_GS6 1661
#define NOTE_A6 1760
#define NOTE_AS6 1865
#define NOTE_B6 1976
#define NOTE_C7 2093
#define NOTE_CS7 2217
#define NOTE_D7 2349
#define NOTE_DS7 2489
#define NOTE_E7 2637
#define NOTE_F7 2794
#define NOTE_FS7 2960
#define NOTE_G7 3136
#define NOTE_GS7 3322
#define NOTE_A7 3520
#define NOTE_AS7 3729
#define NOTE_B7 3951
#define NOTE_C8 4186
#define NOTE_CS8 4435
#define NOTE_D8 4699
#define NOTE_DS8 4978
~~~
See Also
[Array()](http://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/Array)
[for()](http://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/For)
[tone()](http://www.arduino.cc/en/Reference/Tone)
- 说明
- 系统示例文件目录结构及说明
- 01.Basics
- AnalogReadSerial
- BareMinimum
- Blink
- DigitalReadSerial
- Fade
- ReadAnalogVoltage
- 02.Digital
- BlinkWithoutDelay
- Button
- Debounce
- DigitalInputPullup
- StateChangeDetection
- toneKeyboard
- toneMelody
- toneMultiple
- tonePitchFollower
- 03.Analog
- AnalogInOutSerial
- AnalogInput
- AnalogWriteMega
- Calibration
- Fading
- Smoothing
- 04.Communication
- ASCIITable
- Dimmer
- Graph
- Midi
- MultiSerial
- PhysicalPixel
- ReadASCIIString
- SerialCallResponse
- SerialCallResponseASCII
- SerialEvent
- SerialPassthrough
- VirtualColorMixer
- 05.Control
- Arrays
- ForLoopIteration
- IfStatementConditional
- switchCase
- switchCase2
- WhileStatementConditional
- 06.Sensors
- ADXL3xx
- Knock
- Memsic2125
- Ping
- 07.Display
- barGraph
- RowColumnScanning
- 08.Strings
- CharacterAnalysis
- StringAdditionOperator
- StringAppendOperator
- StringCaseChanges
- StringCharacters
- StringComparisonOperators
- StringConstructors
- StringIndexOf
- StringLength
- StringLengthTrim
- StringReplace
- StringStartsWithEndsWith
- StringSubstring
- StringToInt
- 09.USB
- Keyboard
- KeyboardLogout
- KeyboardMessage
- KeyboardReprogram
- KeyboardSerial
- KeyboardAndMouseControl
- Mouse
- ButtonMouseControl
- JoystickMouseControl
- 10.StarterKit_BasicKit (与特定硬件相关,暂无)
- p02_SpaceshipInterface
- p03_LoveOMeter
- p04_ColorMixingLamp
- p05_ServoMoodIndicator
- p06_LightTheremin
- p07_Keyboard
- p08_DigitalHourglass
- p09_MotorizedPinwheel
- p10_Zoetrope
- p11_CrystalBall
- p12_KnockLock
- p13_TouchSensorLamp
- p14_TweakTheArduinoLogo
- p15_HackingButtons
- 11.ArduinoISP(暂无)
- ArduinoISP