这些年来，我们已经看到很多新的技术和语言使应用开发比以往更加令人兴奋。比如Python和Ruby语言的出现，虽然不能提供突破性的功能，但是提供了一些支持的替代方式来生产软件。Ruby on Rails，或者ROR，就是一个这样的功能使开发者以更非凡的速度容易的进行基于web的应用开发，使得常见应用的功能开发不再那么令人痛苦。 This is a great move in the right direction, and many developers have since made the transition to such languages to further lessen the strain that was ever present with languages such as C++ or Java, but it doesn ’ t provide a be - all - and - end - all for applications development as it still means having to learn a new technology. What ’ s more, despite the surge of new technologies that have been appearing, you can see that they are only really of benefit to desktop or server - side web development, while the client side for web applications remain firm with Flash, HTML, JavaScript, and VBScript, for the simple reason that older browser technologies have a greater coverage on users ’ machines. This means that, while we now have a larger choice of tools for creating our applications, we are perhaps further segregating our development team members and forcing possible rifts into our software stability and production timescales. So why are we suffering these issues and what can be done to dispose of these rifts we keep making for ourselves while continuing to embrace technology developments? The issues here are not about how such technologies interact, or about the functionality they provide, but about how we develop for them. 想一想这些。 If humans, like technology, needed to interact with one another, we would use an agreed form of communication; written English in the case of this book. If we were to seek employment in a country whose entire population didn ’ t speak our language, we are sure this would hinder our progress very much, as it would be hard enough to even convey that we were seeking employment, let alone be capable of performing many of the available work positions on offer. Yet, in respect of many programming languages and technologies available, they often communicate very well with each other using processes of their own, but the way in which we interact with them can be very diverse. When new languages are created, the syntax they support is often chosen to reflect the flavor of programmer the language is likely to attract, the features the language provides, the structure of the compiler, and the general taste of the language ’ s author, to name a few. 然而，一个编译工具通常只是一个巧妙地程序，分析你的代码并转换它为一个更加机器可读的语法，所以它只是尽可能可信的创建一个编译工具可以实现从一种语言到另一种。一个编译器这正是Nicolas Cannasse思考的，并促使他创造Haxe编译器的问题。