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##为什么要使用SurfaceView来实现动画? ###因为View的绘图存在以下缺陷: 1. View缺乏双缓冲机制 2. 当程序需要更新View上的图像时,程序必须重绘View上显示的整张图片 3. 新线程无法直接更新View组件 ##SurfaceView的绘图机制 * 一般会与SurfaceView结合使用 * 调用SurfaceView的getHolder()方法即可获得SurfaceView关联的SurfaceHolder ##SurfaceHolder提供了如下方法来获取Canvas对象 1. Canvas lockCanvas():锁定整个SurfaceView对象,获取该Surface上的Canvas 2. Canvas lockCanvas(Rect dirty):锁定SurfaceView上Rect划分的区域,获取该Surface上的Canvas 3. unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas):释放绘图、提交所绘制的图形,需要注意,当调用SurfaceHolder上的unlockCanvasAndPost方法之后,该方法之前所绘制的图形还处于缓冲之中,下一次lockCanvas()方法锁定的区域可能会“遮挡”它 ``` public class SurfaceViewTest extends Activity { // SurfaceHolder负责维护SurfaceView上绘制的内容 private SurfaceHolder holder; private Paint paint; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); paint = new Paint(); SurfaceView surface = (SurfaceView) findViewById(R.id.show); // 初始化SurfaceHolder对象 holder = surface.getHolder(); holder.addCallback(new Callback() { @Override public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder arg0, int arg1, int arg2, int arg3) { } @Override public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) { // 锁定整个SurfaceView Canvas canvas = holder.lockCanvas(); // 绘制背景 Bitmap back = BitmapFactory.decodeResource( SurfaceViewTest.this.getResources() , R.drawable.sun); // 绘制背景 canvas.drawBitmap(back, 0, 0, null); // 绘制完成,释放画布,提交修改 holder.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas); // 重新锁一次,"持久化"上次所绘制的内容 holder.lockCanvas(new Rect(0, 0, 0, 0)); holder.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas); } @Override public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) { } }); // 为surface的触摸事件绑定监听器 surface.setOnTouchListener(new OnTouchListener() { @Override public boolean onTouch(View source, MotionEvent event) { // 只处理按下事件 if (event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) { int cx = (int) event.getX(); int cy = (int) event.getY(); // 锁定SurfaceView的局部区域,只更新局部内容 Canvas canvas = holder.lockCanvas(new Rect(cx - 50, cy - 50, cx + 50, cy + 50)); // 保存canvas的当前状态 canvas.save(); // 旋转画布 canvas.rotate(30, cx, cy); paint.setColor(Color.RED); // 绘制红色方块 canvas.drawRect(cx - 40, cy - 40, cx, cy, paint); // 恢复Canvas之前的保存状态 canvas.restore(); paint.setColor(Color.GREEN); // 绘制绿色方块 canvas.drawRect(cx, cy, cx + 40, cy + 40, paint); // 绘制完成,释放画布,提交修改 holder.unlockCanvasAndPost(canvas); } return false; } }); } } ``` 上面的程序为SurfaceHolder添加了一个CallBack实例,该Callback中定义了如下三个方法: * void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height):当一个surface的格式或大小发生改变时回调该方法。 * void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder):当surface被创建时回调该方法 * void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder):当surface将要被销毁时回调该方法