# Term Vectors(词条向量)
回有关特定文档字段中的词条的信息和统计信息。文档可以存储在索引中或由用户人工提供。词条向量默认为[实时](Get_API.md#realtime),不是近实时。这可以通过将`realtime`参数设置为`false`来更改。
```
GET /twitter/tweet/1/_termvectors
```
可选的,您可以使用`url`中的参数指定检索信息的字段:
```
GET /twitter/tweet/1/_termvectors?fields=message
```
或通过在请求主体中添加请求的字段(参见下面的示例)。也可以使用通配符指定字段,类似于[多匹配查询](../Query_DSL/Full_text_queries/Multi_Match_Query.md)
> 警告
>
> 请注意`/_termvector`的使用方式在2.0中已废弃,请使用`_termvectors`替代。
## 返回值
请求可以得到三种类型的值:词条信息,词条统计和字段统计。默认情况下,所有词条信息与字段统计信息都会被返回,但不包含词条统计信息。
### 词条信息
- 在字段中的词频(总是返回)
- 词条位置(`positions`: `true`)
- 开始与结束的偏移量(`offsets`: `true`)
- 词条有效载荷(`payloads`: `true`),base64编码的字节
如果请求的信息没有存储在索引中,如果可能它将被即时计算。另外,对于甚至不存在于索引中但由用户提供的文档,也可以计算词条向量。
> 警告
>
> 开始与结束的偏移量假设UTF-16编码被使用。如果要使用这些偏移量来从原始文本中获取词条,则应确保使用UTF-16对正在使用的子字符串进行编码。
### 词条统计
设置`term_statistics`为`true`(默认为`false`)将返回:
- 总词频(所有文件中的词条频率)
- 文档频率(包含词条的文档数)
默认情况下这些值不返回,因为词条统计数据会严重影响性能。
### 字段统计
将`field_statistics`设置为`false`(默认值为true)将省略:
- 文档数(包含此字段的文档数)
- 文档频率的总和(本字段中所有词条的文档频率的总和)
- 词频的总和(该字段中每个词条的词频的总和)
### 词条过滤
使用参数`filter`,返回的词条也可以根据其`tf-idf`分数进行过滤。这可能是有用的良好特征向量,以便找到文档。此功能的工作方式与[More Like This Query](../Query_DSL/Specialized_queries/More_Like_This_Query.md)的[第二章节](../Query_DSL/Specialized_queries/More_Like_This_Query.md#mlt-query-term-selection)相似。参见示[例5](#docs-termvectors-terms-filtering)的使用。 支持以下子参数:
参数名描述`max_num_terms`每个字段必须返回的最大词条数。默认为`25`。`min_term_freq`在源文档中忽略少于此频率的单词。默认为`1`。`max_term_freq`在源文档中忽略超过此频率的单词。默认为无界。`min_doc_freq`忽略文档频率少于此参数的词条。默认为`1`。`max_doc_freq`忽略文档频率大于此参数的词条。默认为无界。`min_word_length`字词长度低于此参数的将被忽略。默认为`0`。`max_word_length`字词长度大于此参数的将被忽略。默认为无界(`0`)。## 行为
词条和字段统计数据不准确。删除的文件不被考虑。这些信息只能用于所请求文档所在的分片。因此,术语和字段统计信息仅用作相对度量,而绝对数字在此上下文中无意义。默认情况下,当请求人造文档的词条向量时,随机选择获取统计信息的分片。使用`routing`将命中特定的分片。
### 示例:返回存储词条向量
首先,我们创建一个存储词条向量、有效载荷等的索引:
```
PUT /twitter/
{ "mappings": {
"tweet": {
"properties": {
"text": {
"type": "text",
"term_vector": "with_positions_offsets_payloads",
"store" : true,
"analyzer" : "fulltext_analyzer"
},
"fullname": {
"type": "text",
"term_vector": "with_positions_offsets_payloads",
"analyzer" : "fulltext_analyzer"
}
}
}
},
"settings" : {
"index" : {
"number_of_shards" : 1,
"number_of_replicas" : 0
},
"analysis": {
"analyzer": {
"fulltext_analyzer": {
"type": "custom",
"tokenizer": "whitespace",
"filter": [
"lowercase",
"type_as_payload"
]
}
}
}
}
}
```
然后,我们添加一些文档:
```
PUT /twitter/tweet/1
{
"fullname" : "John Doe",
"text" : "twitter test test test "
}
PUT /twitter/tweet/2
{
"fullname" : "Jane Doe",
"text" : "Another twitter test ..."
}
```
以下请求返回文档`1`(John Doe)中字段`text`的所有信息和统计信息:
```
GET /twitter/tweet/1/_termvectors
{
"fields" : ["text"],
"offsets" : true,
"payloads" : true,
"positions" : true,
"term_statistics" : true,
"field_statistics" : true
}
```
响应:
```
{
"_id": "1",
"_index": "twitter",
"_type": "tweet",
"_version": 1,
"found": true,
"took": 6,
"term_vectors": {
"text": {
"field_statistics": {
"doc_count": 2,
"sum_doc_freq": 6,
"sum_ttf": 8
},
"terms": {
"test": {
"doc_freq": 2,
"term_freq": 3,
"tokens": [
{
"end_offset": 12,
"payload": "d29yZA==",
"position": 1,
"start_offset": 8
},
{
"end_offset": 17,
"payload": "d29yZA==",
"position": 2,
"start_offset": 13
},
{
"end_offset": 22,
"payload": "d29yZA==",
"position": 3,
"start_offset": 18
}
],
"ttf": 4
},
"twitter": {
"doc_freq": 2,
"term_freq": 1,
"tokens": [
{
"end_offset": 7,
"payload": "d29yZA==",
"position": 0,
"start_offset": 0
}
],
"ttf": 2
}
}
}
}
}
```
### 示例:自动生成词条向量
未明确存储在索引中的词条向量将自动计算。以下请求返回文档`1`中字段的所有信息和统计信息,即使词条尚未明确存储在索引中。请注意,对于字段`text`,术语不会重新生成。
```
GET /twitter/tweet/1/_termvectors
{
"fields" : ["text", "some_field_without_term_vectors"],
"offsets" : true,
"positions" : true,
"term_statistics" : true,
"field_statistics" : true
}
```
### 示例:人造文档
还可以为人造文档生成词条向量,也就是生成索引中不存在的文档。例如,以下请求将返回与示例1中相同的结果。所使用的映射由索引和类型确定。
如果动态映射打开(默认),则不在原始映射中的文档字段将被动态创建。
```
GET /twitter/tweet/_termvectors
{
"doc" : {
"fullname" : "John Doe",
"text" : "twitter test test test"
}
}
```
#### Per-field 分析器
另外,可以通过使用`per_field_analyzer`参数来提供不同于当前的分析器。这对于以任何方式生成词条向量是有用的,特别是在使用人造文档时。当为已经存储的词条向量提供分析器时,将重新生成项向量。
```
GET /twitter/tweet/_termvectors
{
"doc" : {
"fullname" : "John Doe",
"text" : "twitter test test test"
},
"fields": ["fullname"],
"per_field_analyzer" : {
"fullname": "keyword"
}
}
```
响应:
```
{
"_index": "twitter",
"_type": "tweet",
"_version": 0,
"found": true,
"took": 6,
"term_vectors": {
"fullname": {
"field_statistics": {
"sum_doc_freq": 2,
"doc_count": 4,
"sum_ttf": 4
},
"terms": {
"John Doe": {
"term_freq": 1,
"tokens": [
{
"position": 0,
"start_offset": 0,
"end_offset": 8
}
]
}
}
}
}
}
```
### 示例:词条过滤
最后,返回的词条可以根据他们的`tf-idf`分数进行过滤。在下面的例子中,我们从具有给定“plot”字段值的人造文档中获取三个“interesting”的关键字。请注意,关键字“Tony”或任何停止词不是响应的一部分,因为它们的`tf-idf`必须太低。
```
GET /imdb/movies/_termvectors
{
"doc": {
"plot": "When wealthy industrialist Tony Stark is forced to build an armored suit after a life-threatening incident, he ultimately decides to use its technology to fight against evil."
},
"term_statistics" : true,
"field_statistics" : true,
"positions": false,
"offsets": false,
"filter" : {
"max_num_terms" : 3,
"min_term_freq" : 1,
"min_doc_freq" : 1
}
}
```
响应:
```
{
"_index": "imdb",
"_type": "movies",
"_version": 0,
"found": true,
"term_vectors": {
"plot": {
"field_statistics": {
"sum_doc_freq": 3384269,
"doc_count": 176214,
"sum_ttf": 3753460
},
"terms": {
"armored": {
"doc_freq": 27,
"ttf": 27,
"term_freq": 1,
"score": 9.74725
},
"industrialist": {
"doc_freq": 88,
"ttf": 88,
"term_freq": 1,
"score": 8.590818
},
"stark": {
"doc_freq": 44,
"ttf": 47,
"term_freq": 1,
"score": 9.272792
}
}
}
}
}
```
- 入门
- 基本概念
- 安装
- 探索你的集群
- 集群健康
- 列出所有索引库
- 创建一个索引库
- 索引文档创建与查询
- 删除一个索引库
- 修改你的数据
- 更新文档
- 删除文档
- 批量处理
- 探索你的数据
- 搜索API
- 查询语言介绍
- 执行搜索
- 执行过滤
- 执行聚合
- 总结
- Elasticsearch设置
- 安装Elasticsearch
- .zip或.tar.gz文件的安装方式
- Install Elasticsearch with .zip on Windows
- Debian软件包安装方式
- RPM安装方式
- Install Elasticsearch with Windows MSI Installer
- Docker安装方式
- 配置Elasticsearch
- 安全配置
- 日志配置
- 重要的Elasticsearch配置
- 重要的系统配置
- 系统设置
- 在jvm.options中设置JVM堆大小
- 禁用swapping
- 文件描述符
- 虚拟内存
- 线程数
- DNS cache settings
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- Max file size check
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- JVM Client模式检查
- 串行收集使用检查
- 系统调用过滤检查
- OnError与OnOutOfMemoryError检查
- Early-access check
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- Elasticsearch停机
- Elasticsearch升级
- 滚动升级
- 全集群重启升级
- 索引重建升级
- Set up X-Pack
- Installing X-Pack
- X-Pack Settings
- Watcher Settings
- Configuring Security
- Breaking changes in 6.0
- X-Pack Breaking Changes
- 重大变化
- 6.0的重大变化
- 聚合变化
- Cat API变化
- 客户端变化
- 集群变化
- 文档API变化
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- 预处理变化
- 映射变化
- Packaging变化
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- 插件变化
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- 信息统计变化
- DSL查询变化
- 设置变化
- 脚本变化
- API约定
- 多索引语法
- 索引库名称的日期运算
- 常用选项
- URL-based访问控制
- 文档APIs
- 读写文档
- 索引接口
- Get接口
- Delete API
- Delete By Query API
- Update API
- Update By Query API
- Multi Get API
- Bulk API
- Reindex API
- Term Vectors
- Multi termvectors API
- ?refresh
- 搜索APIs
- Search
- URI Search
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- Query
- From / Size
- Sort
- Source filtering
- Fields
- Script Fields
- Doc value Fields
- Post filter
- Highlighting
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- Search Shards API
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- Returning the type of the suggester
- Multi Search API
- Count API
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- Explain API
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- Profiling Queries
- Profiling Aggregations
- Profiling Considerations
- Field Capabilities API
- Aggregations
- Metrics Aggregations
- 平均值聚合
- 值计数聚合(Value Count Aggregation)
- Cardinality Aggregation
- Extended Stats Aggregation
- 地理边界聚合
- 地理重心聚合
- Max Aggregation
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- Percentiles Aggregation
- Percentile Ranks Aggregation
- Scripted Metric Aggregation
- Stats Aggregation
- Sum Aggregation
- Top hits Aggregation
- Value Count Aggregation
- Bucket Aggregations
- 邻接矩阵聚合
- Children Aggregation
- Date Histogram Aggregation
- Date Range Aggregation
- Significant Terms Aggregation
- Filter Aggregation(过滤器聚合)
- Filters Aggregation
- Geo Distance Aggregation(地理距离聚合) 转至元数据结尾
- GeoHash grid Aggregation(GeoHash网格聚合)
- Global Aggregation(全局聚合) 转至元数据结尾
- Histogram Aggregation
- IP Range Aggregation(IP范围聚合)
- Missing Aggregation
- Nested Aggregation(嵌套聚合)
- Range Aggregation(范围聚合)
- Reverse nested Aggregation
- Sampler Aggregation
- Significant Terms Aggregation
- Significant Text Aggregation
- Terms Aggregation
- Pipeline Aggregations
- Avg Bucket Aggregation
- Derivative Aggregation(导数聚合)
- Max Bucket Aggregation
- Min Bucket Aggregation
- Sum Bucket Aggregation
- Stats Bucket Aggregation
- Extended Stats Bucket Aggregation(扩展信息桶聚合)
- Percentiles Bucket Aggregation(百分数桶聚合)
- Moving Average Aggregation
- Cumulative Sum Aggregation(累积汇总聚合)
- Bucket Script Aggregation(桶脚本聚合)
- Bucket Selector Aggregation(桶选择器聚合)
- Serial Differencing Aggregation(串行差异聚合)
- Matrix Aggregations
- Matrix Stats
- Caching heavy aggregations
- Returning only aggregation results
- Aggregation Metadata
- Returning the type of the aggregation
- Indices APIs
- Create Index /创建索引
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- Put Mapping /提交映射
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- Types Exists
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- Cat APIs
- cat aliases
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- cat count
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- Cluster APIs
- 集群健康
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- Cluster Update Settings
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- Remote Cluster Info
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- Nodes hot_threads
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- Query DSL
- 查询context与过滤context
- Match All Query
- 全文搜索
- 匹配查询
- 短语匹配查询
- 短语前缀匹配查询
- 多字段查询
- 常用术语查询
- 查询语句查询
- 简单查询语句
- Term level queries
- Term Query
- Terms Query
- Range Query
- Exists Query
- Prefix Query
- Wildcard Query
- Regexp Query
- Fuzzy Query
- Type Query
- Ids Query
- 复合查询
- Constant Score 查询
- Bool 查询
- Dis Max 查询
- Function Score 查询
- Boosting 查询
- Joining queries
- Has Child Query
- Has Parent Query
- Nested Query(嵌套查询)
- Parent Id Query
- Geo queries
- GeoShape Query(地理形状查询)
- Geo Bounding Box Query(地理边框查询)
- Geo Distance Query(地理距离查询)
- Geo Polygon Query(地理多边形查询)
- Specialized queries
- More Like This Query
- Script Query
- Percolate Query
- Span queries
- Span Term 查询
- Span Multi Term 查询
- Span First 查询
- Span Near 查询
- Span Or 查询
- Span Not 查询
- Span Containing 查询
- Span Within 查询
- Span Field Masking 查询 转至元数据结尾
- Minimum Should Match
- Multi Term Query Rewrite
- Mapping
- Removal of mapping types
- Field datatypes
- Array
- Binary
- Range
- Boolean
- Date
- Geo-point datatype
- Geo-Shape datatype
- IP datatype
- Keyword datatype
- Nested datatype
- Numeric datatypes
- Object datatype
- Text
- Token数
- 渗滤型
- join datatype
- Meta-Fields
- _all field
- _field_names field
- _id field
- _index field
- _meta field
- _routing field
- _source field
- _type field
- _uid field
- Mapping parameters
- analyzer(分析器)
- normalizer(归一化)
- boost(提升)
- Coerce(强制类型转换)
- copy_to(合并参数)
- doc_values(文档值)
- dynamic(动态设置)
- enabled(开启字段)
- eager_global_ordinals
- fielddata(字段数据)
- format (日期格式)
- ignore_above(忽略超越限制的字段)
- ignore_malformed(忽略格式不对的数据)
- index (索引)
- index_options(索引设置)
- fields(字段)
- Norms (标准信息)
- null_value(空值)
- position_increment_gap(短语位置间隙)
- properties (属性)
- search_analyzer (搜索分析器)
- similarity (匹配方法)
- store(存储)
- Term_vectors(词根信息)
- Dynamic Mapping
- Dynamic field mapping(动态字段映射)
- Dynamic templates(动态模板)
- default mapping(mapping中的_default_)
- Analysis
- Anatomy of an analyzer(分析器的分析)
- Testing analyzers(测试分析器)
- Analyzers(分析器)
- Configuring built-in analyzers(配置内置分析器)
- Standard Analyzer(标准分析器)
- Simple Analyzer(简单分析器)
- 空白分析器
- Stop Analyzer
- Keyword Analyzer
- 模式分析器
- 语言分析器
- 指纹分析器
- 自定义分析器
- Normalizers
- Tokenizers(分词器)
- Standard Tokenizer(标准分词器)
- Letter Tokenizer
- Lowercase Tokenizer (小写分词器)
- Whitespace Analyzer
- UAX URL Email Tokenizer
- Classic Tokenizer
- Thai Tokenizer(泰语分词器)
- NGram Tokenizer
- Edge NGram Tokenizer
- Keyword Analyzer
- Pattern Tokenizer
- Simple Pattern Tokenizer
- Simple Pattern Split Tokenizer
- Path Hierarchy Tokenizer(路径层次分词器)
- Token Filters(词元过滤器)
- Standard Token Filter
- ASCII Folding Token Filter
- Flatten Graph Token Filter
- Length Token Filter
- Lowercase Token Filter
- Uppercase Token Filter
- NGram Token Filter
- Edge NGram Token Filter
- Porter Stem Token Filter
- Shingle Token Filter
- Stop Token Filter
- Word Delimiter Token Filter
- Word Delimiter Graph Token Filter
- Stemmer Token Filter
- Stemmer Override Token Filter
- Keyword Marker Token Filter
- Keyword Repeat Token Filter
- KStem Token Filter
- Snowball Token Filter
- Phonetic Token Filter
- Synonym Token Filter
- Synonym Graph Token Filter
- Compound Word Token Filters
- Reverse Token Filter
- Elision Token Filter
- Truncate Token Filter
- Unique Token Filter
- Pattern Capture Token Filter
- Pattern Replace Token Filter
- Trim Token Filter
- Limit Token Count Token Filter
- Hunspell Token Filter
- Common Grams Token Filter
- Normalization Token Filter
- CJK Width Token Filter
- CJK Bigram Token Filter
- Delimited Payload Token Filter
- Keep Words Token Filter
- Keep Types Token Filter
- Classic Token Filter
- Apostrophe Token Filter
- Decimal Digit Token Filter
- Fingerprint Token Filter
- Minhash Token Filter
- Character Filters(字符过滤器)
- HTML Strip Character Filter
- Mapping Character Filter
- Pattern Replace Character Filter
- 模块
- Cluster
- 集群级路由和碎片分配
- 基于磁盘的分片分配
- 分片分配awareness
- 分片分配过滤
- Miscellaneous cluster settings
- Scripting
- Painless Scripting Language
- Lucene Expressions Language
- Advanced scripts using script engines
- Snapshot And Restore
- Thread Pool
- Index Modules(索引模块)
- 预处理节点
- Pipeline Definition
- Ingest APIs
- Put Pipeline API
- Get Pipeline API
- Delete Pipeline API
- Simulate Pipeline API
- Accessing Data in Pipelines
- Handling Failures in Pipelines
- Processors
- Monitoring Elasticsearch
- X-Pack APIs
- X-Pack Commands
- How To
- Testing(测试)
- Glossary of terms
- Release Notes
- X-Pack Release Notes