如何：复制、删除和移动文件和文件夹（C# 编程指南） · MSDN C# 编程指南 & 参考手册 2015

# 如何：复制、删除和移动文件和文件夹（C# 编程指南）以下示例说明如何使用 [System.IO](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.io.aspx) 命名空间中的 [System.IO.File](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.io.file.aspx)、[System.IO.Directory](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.io.directory.aspx)、[System.IO.FileInfo](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.io.fileinfo.aspx) 和 [System.IO.DirectoryInfo](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.io.directoryinfo.aspx) 类以同步方式复制、移动和删除文件和文件夹。这些示例没有提供进度栏或其他任何用户界面。如果您想提供一个标准进度对话框，请参见[如何：提供文件操作进度对话框（C# 编程指南）](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/cc165446.aspx)。在操作多个文件时，请使用 [System.IO.FileSystemWatcher](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.io.filesystemwatcher.aspx) 提供一些事件，以便可以利用这些事件计算进度。另一种方法是使用平台调用来调用 Windows Shell 中相应的文件相关方法。有关如何异步执行这些文件操作的信息，请参见[异步文件 I/O](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/kztecsys.aspx)。 ## 示例 <a id="exampleToggle"></a> 下面的示例演示如何复制文件和目录。 ``` // Simple synchronous file copy operations with no user interface. // To run this sample, first create the following directories and files: // C:\Users\Public\TestFolder // C:\Users\Public\TestFolder\test.txt // C:\Users\Public\TestFolder\SubDir\test.txt public class SimpleFileCopy { static void Main() { string fileName = "test.txt"; string sourcePath = @"C:\Users\Public\TestFolder"; string targetPath = @"C:\Users\Public\TestFolder\SubDir"; // Use Path class to manipulate file and directory paths. string sourceFile = System.IO.Path.Combine(sourcePath, fileName); string destFile = System.IO.Path.Combine(targetPath, fileName); // To copy a folder's contents to a new location: // Create a new target folder, if necessary. if (!System.IO.Directory.Exists(targetPath)) { System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(targetPath); } // To copy a file to another location and // overwrite the destination file if it already exists. System.IO.File.Copy(sourceFile, destFile, true); // To copy all the files in one directory to another directory. // Get the files in the source folder. (To recursively iterate through // all subfolders under the current directory, see // "How to: Iterate Through a Directory Tree.") // Note: Check for target path was performed previously // in this code example. if (System.IO.Directory.Exists(sourcePath)) { string[] files = System.IO.Directory.GetFiles(sourcePath); // Copy the files and overwrite destination files if they already exist. foreach (string s in files) { // Use static Path methods to extract only the file name from the path. fileName = System.IO.Path.GetFileName(s); destFile = System.IO.Path.Combine(targetPath, fileName); System.IO.File.Copy(s, destFile, true); } } else { Console.WriteLine("Source path does not exist!"); } // Keep console window open in debug mode. Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit."); Console.ReadKey(); } } ``` 下面的示例演示如何移动文件和目录。 ``` // Simple synchronous file move operations with no user interface. public class SimpleFileMove { static void Main() { string sourceFile = @"C:\Users\Public\public\test.txt"; string destinationFile = @"C:\Users\Public\private\test.txt"; // To move a file or folder to a new location: System.IO.File.Move(sourceFile, destinationFile); // To move an entire directory. To programmatically modify or combine // path strings, use the System.IO.Path class. System.IO.Directory.Move(@"C:\Users\Public\public\test\", @"C:\Users\Public\private"); } } ``` 下面的示例演示如何删除文件和目录。 ``` // Simple synchronous file deletion operations with no user interface. // To run this sample, create the following files on your drive: // C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest\test1.txt // C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest\test2.txt // C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest\SubDir\test2.txt public class SimpleFileDelete { static void Main() { // Delete a file by using File class static method... if(System.IO.File.Exists(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest\test.txt")) { // Use a try block to catch IOExceptions, to // handle the case of the file already being // opened by another process. try { System.IO.File.Delete(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest\test.txt"); } catch (System.IO.IOException e) { Console.WriteLine(e.Message); return; } } // ...or by using FileInfo instance method. System.IO.FileInfo fi = new System.IO.FileInfo(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest\test2.txt"); try { fi.Delete(); } catch (System.IO.IOException e) { Console.WriteLine(e.Message); } // Delete a directory. Must be writable or empty. try { System.IO.Directory.Delete(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest"); } catch (System.IO.IOException e) { Console.WriteLine(e.Message); } // Delete a directory and all subdirectories with Directory static method... if(System.IO.Directory.Exists(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest")) { try { System.IO.Directory.Delete(@"C:\Users\Public\DeleteTest", true); } catch (System.IO.IOException e) { Console.WriteLine(e.Message); } } // ...or with DirectoryInfo instance method. System.IO.DirectoryInfo di = new System.IO.DirectoryInfo(@"C:\Users\Public\public"); // Delete this dir and all subdirs. try { di.Delete(true); } catch (System.IO.IOException e) { Console.WriteLine(e.Message); } } } ``` ## 请参见 <a id="seeAlsoToggle"></a> #### 任务 [如何：提供文件操作进度对话框（C# 编程指南）](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/cc165446.aspx) #### 参考 [System.IO](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.io.aspx) #### 概念 [C# 编程指南](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/67ef8sbd.aspx) [通用 I/O 任务](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms404278.aspx) #### 其他资源 [文件系统和注册表（C# 编程指南）](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/2kzb96fk.aspx) [文件和流 I/O](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/k3352a4t.aspx)