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# 如何:串联多个字符串(C# 编程指南) 串联是将一个字符串追加到另一个字符串末尾的过程。使用 **+** 运算符串联字符串文本或字符串常量时,编译器会创建一个字符串。串联不在运行时发生。但字符串变量只能在运行时串联,对此,您应该了解各种方法的性能含义。 下面的示例演示如何将一个长字符串拆分为几个较短的字符串,从而提高源代码的可读性。这些较短的字符串将在编译时串联成一个字符串。无论涉及到多少个字符串,都不会有运行时性能开销。 ``` static void Main() { // Concatenation of literals is performed at compile time, not run time. string text = "Historically, the world of data and the world of objects " + "have not been well integrated. Programmers work in C# or Visual Basic " + "and also in SQL or XQuery. On the one side are concepts such as classes, " + "objects, fields, inheritance, and .NET Framework APIs. On the other side " + "are tables, columns, rows, nodes, and separate languages for dealing with " + "them. Data types often require translation between the two worlds; there are " + "different standard functions. Because the object world has no notion of query, a " + "query can only be represented as a string without compile-time type checking or " + "IntelliSense support in the IDE. Transferring data from SQL tables or XML trees to " + "objects in memory is often tedious and error-prone."; Console.WriteLine(text); } ``` 若要串联字符串变量,可以使用 **+** 或 **+=** 运算符,也可以使用 [String.Concat](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.string.concat.aspx)、[String.Format](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.string.format.aspx) 或 [StringBuilder.Append](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.text.stringbuilder.append.aspx) 方法。 **+** 运算符容易使用,且有利于提高代码的直观性。即使在一条语句中使用多个 + 运算符,字符串内容也将只复制一次。但是,如果重复此操作多次(如使用循环),则可能会导致出现效率问题。例如,考虑下面的代码: ``` static void Main(string[] args) { // To run this program, provide a command line string. // In Visual Studio, see Project > Properties > Debug. string userName = args[0]; string date = DateTime.Today.ToShortDateString(); // Use the + and += operators for one-time concatenations. string str = "Hello " + userName + ". Today is " + date + "."; System.Console.WriteLine(str); str += " How are you today?"; System.Console.WriteLine(str); // Keep the console window open in debug mode. Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit."); Console.ReadKey(); } // Example output: // Hello Alexander. Today is 1/22/2008. // Hello Alexander. Today is 1/22/2008\. How are you today? // Press any key to exit. // ``` | ![](https://box.kancloud.cn/2016-01-31_56adb62c1380a.jpg) 注意 | | :-- | | 在字符串串联操作中,C# 编译器对 null 字符串和空字符串进行相同的处理,但它不转换原始 null 字符串的值。 | 如果您串联的字符串数量不那么巨大(例如,在循环中),那么这些代码的性能成本可能不会很高。上述情况同样适用于 [String.Concat](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.string.concat.aspx) 和 [String.Format](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.string.format.aspx) 方法。 但如果性能的优劣很重要,则应该总是使用 [StringBuilder](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.text.stringbuilder.aspx) 类来串联字符串。下面的代码使用 [StringBuilder](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.text.stringbuilder.aspx) 类的 [Append](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.text.stringbuilder.append.aspx) 方法来串联字符串,因此不会有 **+** 运算符的链接作用产生。 ``` class StringBuilderTest { static void Main() { string text = null; // Use StringBuilder for concatenation in tight loops. System.Text.StringBuilder sb = new System.Text.StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { sb.AppendLine(i.ToString()); } System.Console.WriteLine(sb.ToString()); // Keep the console window open in debug mode. System.Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit."); System.Console.ReadKey(); } } // Output: // 0 // 1 // 2 // 3 // 4 // ... // ``` ## 请参阅 [String](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.string.aspx) [StringBuilder](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/system.text.stringbuilder.aspx) [C# 编程指南](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/67ef8sbd.aspx) [字符串(C# 编程指南)](https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/ms228362.aspx)