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## 前言 PostgreSQL standby 可以通过两种方法来激活成为主库: 1. trigger file,配置在recovery.conf中。 2. pg_ctl promote发送SIGUSR1信号给postmaster进程。 同时,PostgreSQL支持快速激活(fast promote)和非快速激活(fallback promote): 1. fast promote 开启数据库读写前,不需要做检查点。而是推到开启读写之后执行一个CHECKPOINT_FORCE检查点。 2. fallback_promote 在开启数据库读写前,需要先做一个检查点,现在这个模式已经不对用户开放,需要修改代码,只是用作调试。 ## 实现分析 激活数据库的代码分析如下: 激活过程,根据fast_promote变量判断是否需要先做检查点,再激活。 ~~~ src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c if (InRecovery) { if (bgwriterLaunched) { if (fast_promote) // 如果是快速promote,在打开数据库读写前,不需要创建检查点。只需要创建一个recovery结束标记 { checkPointLoc = ControlFile->prevCheckPoint; record = ReadCheckpointRecord(xlogreader, checkPointLoc, 1, false); if (record != NULL) { fast_promoted = true; CreateEndOfRecoveryRecord(); } } if (!fast_promoted) // 如果是fallback_promote模式,须先创建一个检查点,再开启读写模式。 RequestCheckpoint(CHECKPOINT_END_OF_RECOVERY | CHECKPOINT_IMMEDIATE | CHECKPOINT_WAIT); } ... InRecovery = false; // 开启读写模式,允许接收用户写请求. LWLockAcquire(ControlFileLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE); ControlFile->state = DB_IN_PRODUCTION; // 改写控制文件的数据库状态 ControlFile->time = (pg_time_t) time(NULL); UpdateControlFile(); // 更新控制文件 LWLockRelease(ControlFileLock); ... if (fast_promoted) // 如果是快速promote,在允许用户写请求后,在这里执行一个检查点。所以提高了数据库的可用时间。 RequestCheckpoint(CHECKPOINT_FORCE); ...... ~~~ 通过pg_ctl命令行工具,向postmaster发SIGUSR1信号,通知它激活数据库。 首先会写一个promote文件,告诉postmaster,是fast_promote。 ~~~ src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c /* * promote */ static void do_promote(void) { FILE *prmfile; pgpid_t pid; struct stat statbuf; pid = get_pgpid(false); ...... sig = SIGUSR1; if (kill((pid_t) pid, sig) != 0) // 发送SIGUSR1信号,通知postmaster激活数据库。 { write_stderr(_("%s: could not send promote signal (PID: %ld): %s\n"), progname, pid, strerror(errno)); if (unlink(promote_file) != 0) write_stderr(_("%s: could not remove promote signal file \"%s\": %s\n"), progname, promote_file, strerror(errno)); exit(1); } print_msg(_("server promoting\n")); } ~~~ 数据恢复时,检查standby是否收到promote请求或是否存在trigger文件。 如果是promote请求,则检查有没有promote文件,或者fallback_promote文件,如果有promote文件,则是fast_promote请求。如果有fallback_promote文件,则不是fast_promote请求(实际上根本不可能检测到fallback_promote文件,因为没有写这个文件的操作)。所以通过pg_ctl promote来激活,一定是fast promote的,即不需要先做检查点再激活。 如果检查到trigger文件,同样也是fast promote激活模式。 ~~~ src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c #define PROMOTE_SIGNAL_FILE "promote" #define FALLBACK_PROMOTE_SIGNAL_FILE "fallback_promote" /* * Check to see whether the user-specified trigger file exists and whether a * promote request has arrived. If either condition holds, return true. */ static bool CheckForStandbyTrigger(void) { struct stat stat_buf; static bool triggered = false; if (triggered) return true; if (IsPromoteTriggered()) // 检查是否收到pg_ctl promote信号 { ...... if (stat(PROMOTE_SIGNAL_FILE, &stat_buf) == 0) // 先检查promote文件是否存在 { unlink(PROMOTE_SIGNAL_FILE); unlink(FALLBACK_PROMOTE_SIGNAL_FILE); fast_promote = true; // 快速promote } else if (stat(FALLBACK_PROMOTE_SIGNAL_FILE, &stat_buf) == 0) // 否则再检查fallback_promote文件是否存在 { unlink(FALLBACK_PROMOTE_SIGNAL_FILE); fast_promote = false; // 先执行checkpoint再promote } ereport(LOG, (errmsg("received promote request"))); ResetPromoteTriggered(); triggered = true; return true; } if (TriggerFile == NULL) // 检查recovery.conf是否配置了trigger_file return false; if (stat(TriggerFile, &stat_buf) == 0) { ereport(LOG, (errmsg("trigger file found: %s", TriggerFile))); unlink(TriggerFile); triggered = true; fast_promote = true; // 快速promote return true; } else if (errno != ENOENT) ereport(ERROR, (errcode_for_file_access(), errmsg("could not stat trigger file \"%s\": %m", TriggerFile))); return false; } src/backend/postmaster/startup.c pqsignal(SIGUSR2, StartupProcTriggerHandler); // 注册SIGUSR2信号处理函数 /* SIGUSR2: set flag to finish recovery */ static void StartupProcTriggerHandler(SIGNAL_ARGS) { int save_errno = errno; promote_triggered = true; WakeupRecovery(); errno = save_errno; } bool IsPromoteTriggered(void) { return promote_triggered; } ~~~ postmaster收到SIGUSER1信号后,检查是否收到promote信号,判断当前的状态是否处于恢复中的任意状态,然后向startup进程发一个SIGUSR2的信号,触发promote。 ~~~ src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c pqsignal(SIGUSR1, sigusr1_handler); /* message from child process */ // 注册SIGUSR1信号处理函数 /* * sigusr1_handler - handle signal conditions from child processes */ static void sigusr1_handler(SIGNAL_ARGS) { ...... if (CheckPromoteSignal() && StartupPID != 0 && (pmState == PM_STARTUP || pmState == PM_RECOVERY || pmState == PM_HOT_STANDBY || pmState == PM_WAIT_READONLY)) { /* Tell startup process to finish recovery */ signal_child(StartupPID, SIGUSR2); // 向startup进程发SIGUSR2信号,通知它处理promote } ...... src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c /* * Check to see if a promote request has arrived. Should be * called by postmaster after receiving SIGUSR1. */ bool CheckPromoteSignal(void) { struct stat stat_buf; if (stat(PROMOTE_SIGNAL_FILE, &stat_buf) == 0 || stat(FALLBACK_PROMOTE_SIGNAL_FILE, &stat_buf) == 0) return true; return false; } ~~~ 最后提一点, 9.3以前,曾经出现过pg_ctl promote -m 来指定是否需要fast promote或者fallback promote。