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`"{" 换行: Opening Brace Can't Be Placed on a Separate Line ` 错误: ~~~ package main func main() { println("hello world") } ~~~ 报错信息: ~~~ ./main.go:3:6: missing function body for "main" ./main.go:4:1: syntax error: unexpected semicolon or newline before { ~~~ 正确: ~~~ package main func main() { println("hello world") } ~~~ `定义未使用的变量: Unused Variables` 错误: ~~~ package main var str string func main() { var num int println("hello world") } ~~~ 报错信息: `./main.go:6:6: num declared and not used` 正确: ~~~ package main var str string func main() { // var num int println("hello world") } ~~~ `import 但未使用: Unused Imports` 错误: ~~~ package main import ( "fmt" "os" ) func main() { println("hello world") } ~~~ 报错信息: ~~~ ./main.go:4:2: imported and not used: "fmt" ./main.go:5:2: imported and not used: "os" ~~~ 正确: ~~~ package main import ( "fmt" _ "os" ) func main() { fmt.Println("hello world") } ~~~ `命名区分大小写` 错误: ~~~ package main import "fmt" func main() { fmt.println("Hello world") } // 以下代码都是不正确的: // Package main // iMport "fmt" // import "Fmt" // Func main() {} // Fmt.Println // fmt.println ~~~ 报错信息: ~~~ ./main.go:6:2: cannot refer to unexported name fmt.println ./main.go:6:2: undefined: fmt.println ~~~ 正确: ~~~ package main import "fmt" func main() { fmt.Println("Hello world") } ~~~ `分号分行` 错误: ~~~ package main import "fmt" func main() { fmt.Println("Hello world") fmt.Println("Hi again") } ~~~ 错误信息: ./main.go:6:29: syntax error: unexpected fmt at end of statement 正确: ~~~ package main import "fmt" func main() { fmt.Println("Hello world") fmt.Println("Hi again") //解决以上问题,可以将上述的两条语句放在两行 fmt.Println("Hello world");fmt.Println("Hi again") //可以将两条语句用分号结束 test() } func test() { //因此在Go语言中,分号能省则省,如果必须使用时,添加上也不会出错。所以,如下代码也是正确滴。 fmt.Println("Hello world");fmt.Println("Hi again"); }; ~~~ `无效的分号` 错误: ~~~ package main import "fmt";; func main() { fmt.Println("Hello world") } ~~~ 错误信息: ~~~ ./main.go:3:14: syntax error: non-declaration statement outside function body ~~~ 正确: ~~~ package main import "fmt"; func main() { fmt.Println("Hello world") } ~~~ 简短变量定义方式只能在函数内部使用: Short Variable Declarations Can Be Used Only Inside Functions 错误: ~~~ package main str := "hello world" func main() { println(str) } ~~~ 报错信息: `./main.go:3:2: syntax error: non-declaration statement outside function body` 正确: ~~~ package main func main() { str := "hello world" println(str) } ~~~ 重复定义 变量: Redeclaring Variables Using Short Variable Declarations 错误: ~~~ package main var num int var num int func main() { str := "hello world" str := "hello golang" println(str) } ~~~ 报错信息: ~~~ ./main.go:4:5: num redeclared in this block previous declaration at ./main.go:3:5 ./main.go:8:6: no new variables on left side of := ~~~ 正确: ~~~ package main var num int var num2 int func main() { str := "hello world" str = "hello golang" println(str) } ~~~ 注意变量作用域: Accidental Variable Shadowing 错误: ~~~ package main var num int func main() { str := "hello world" if true { var b bool } println(num) println(str) println(b) } ~~~ 报错信息: `./main.go:12:10: undefined: b` 正确: ~~~ package main var num int func main() { str := "hello world" if true { var b bool println(b) } println(num) println(str) // println(b) } ~~~ nil 不能赋值给 不明类型的变量和非指针类型的变量: Can't Use "nil" to Initialize a Variable Without an Explicit Type 错误: ~~~ package main var null string = nil func main() { null2 := nil println(null) println(null2) } ~~~ 报错信息: ~~~ ./main.go:3:5: cannot use nil as type string in assignment ./main.go:6:8: use of untyped nil ~~~ 正确: ~~~ package main var null *string = nil func main() { var null2 *int null2 = nil println(null) println(null2) } ~~~ map 未初始化 直接使用: Using "nil" Slices and Maps------interfaces, functions, pointers, maps, slices, and channels 错误: ~~~ package main import ( "fmt" ) func main() { var m map[int]int m[1] = 1 fmt.Println(m) } ~~~ 报错信息: ~~~ panic: assignment to entry in nil map ~~~ 正确: ~~~ package main import ( "fmt" ) func main() { var m map[int]int m = make(map[int]int) m[1] = 1 fmt.Println(m) } ~~~ map 只有 len操作, 没有 cap 操作: Map Capacity 错误: ~~~ package main import ( "fmt" ) func main() { m := map[int]string{1: "a", 2: "b", 3: "c"} cap := cap(m) fmt.Println(cap) } ~~~ 报错信息: ~~~ ./main.go:9:12: invalid argument m (type map[int]string) for cap ~~~ 正确: ~~~ package main import ( "fmt" ) func main() { m := map[int]string{1: "a", 2: "b", 3: "c"} len := len(m) fmt.Println(len) } ~~~