[4.1 问题的演化](4.1%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98%E7%9A%84%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96.md) [4.2 错误值检查](4.2%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E5%80%BC%E6%A3%80%E6%9F%A5.md) [4.3 错误格式与上下文](4.3%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%8A%E4%B8%8B%E6%96%87.md) [4.4 错误语义](4.4%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E8%AF%AD%E4%B9%89.md) [4.5 错误处理的未来](4.5%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%AA%E6%9D%A5.md) [4.6 进一步阅读的参考文献](4.6%E8%BF%9B%E4%B8%80%E6%AD%A5%E9%98%85%E8%AF%BB%E7%9A%84%E5%8F%82%E8%80%83%E6%96%87%E7%8C%AE.md)