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# Bug分支 软件开发中,bug就像家常便饭一样。有了bug就需要修复,在Git中,由于分支是如此的强大,所以,每个bug都可以通过一个新的临时分支来修复,修复后,合并分支,然后将临时分支删除。 当你接到一个修复一个代号101的bug的任务时,很自然地,你想创建一个分支`issue-101`来修复它,但是,等等,当前正在`dev`上进行的工作还没有提交: ``` $ git status # On branch dev # Changes to be committed: # (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage) # # new file: hello.py # # Changes not staged for commit: # (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed) # (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory) # # modified: readme.txt # ``` 并不是你不想提交,而是工作只进行到一半,还没法提交,预计完成还需1天时间。但是,必须在两个小时内修复该bug,怎么办? 幸好,Git还提供了一个`stash`功能,可以把当前工作现场“储藏”起来,等以后恢复现场后继续工作: ``` $ git stash Saved working directory and index state WIP on dev: 6224937 add merge HEAD is now at 6224937 add merge ``` 现在,用`git status`查看工作区,就是干净的(除非有没有被Git管理的文件),因此可以放心地创建分支来修复bug。 首先确定要在哪个分支上修复bug,假定需要在`master`分支上修复,就从`master`创建临时分支: ``` $ git checkout master Switched to branch 'master' Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 6 commits. $ git checkout -b issue-101 Switched to a new branch 'issue-101' ``` 现在修复bug,需要把“Git is free software ...”改为“Git is a free software ...”,然后提交: ``` $ git add readme.txt $ git commit -m "fix bug 101" [issue-101 cc17032] fix bug 101 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) ``` 修复完成后,切换到`master`分支,并完成合并,最后删除`issue-101`分支: ``` $ git checkout master Switched to branch 'master' Your branch is ahead of 'origin/master' by 2 commits. $ git merge --no-ff -m "merged bug fix 101" issue-101 Merge made by the 'recursive' strategy. readme.txt | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) $ git branch -d issue-101 Deleted branch issue-101 (was cc17032). ``` 太棒了,原计划两个小时的bug修复只花了5分钟!现在,是时候接着回到`dev`分支干活了! ``` $ git checkout dev Switched to branch 'dev' $ git status # On branch dev nothing to commit (working directory clean) ``` 工作区是干净的,刚才的工作现场存到哪去了?用`git stash list`命令看看: ``` $ git stash list stash@{0}: WIP on dev: 6224937 add merge ``` 工作现场还在,Git把stash内容存在某个地方了,但是需要恢复一下,有两个办法: 一是用`git stash apply`恢复,但是恢复后,stash内容并不删除,你需要用`git stash drop`来删除; 另一种方式是用`git stash pop`,恢复的同时把stash内容也删了: ``` $ git stash pop # On branch dev # Changes to be committed: # (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage) # # new file: hello.py # # Changes not staged for commit: # (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed) # (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory) # # modified: readme.txt # Dropped refs/stash@{0} (f624f8e5f082f2df2bed8a4e09c12fd2943bdd40) ``` 再用`git stash list`查看,就看不到任何stash内容了: ``` $ git stash list ``` 你可以多次stash,恢复的时候,先用`git stash list`查看,然后恢复指定的stash,用命令: ``` $ git stash apply stash@{0} ``` http://michaelliao.gitcafe.io/video/stash-fix-bug.mp4 ## 小结 修复bug时,我们会通过创建新的bug分支进行修复,然后合并,最后删除; 当手头工作没有完成时,先把工作现场`git stash`一下,然后去修复bug,修复后,再`git stash pop`,回到工作现场。