gettext 国际化 · PHP/Python/前端/Linux 等等学习笔记

[TOC] ## 概述 1. 支持 linux 与 windows 1. 除C语言外, GNU gettext还支持C++，Objective-C，Pascal/Object Pascal，sh脚本，bash脚本，Python，GNU CLISP，Emacs Lisp，librep，GNU Smalltalk，Java，GNU awk，wxWidgets（通过wxLocale类），YCP（YaST2语言），Tcl，Perl，PHP，Pike，Ruby以及R。用法均与在C语言上类似 1. wordpress的国际化就是用的GNU gettext ### 大致原理 1. GNU gettext使用PO或MO文件来实现国际化和本地化 2. PO的意思是Portable Object，是一种文本结构，可以方便的由人们阅读和修改 3. PO的意思是Portable Object，是一种文本结构，可以方便的由人们阅读和修改 4. 一个程序要支持多种语言，每一种语言都需要自己的PO或MO文件 ![UTOOLS1596544492132.png](https://img03.sogoucdn.com/app/a/100520146/0d42b4e557e1954b4bf20d1100a4430a) ## php 开启模块 `;extension=php_gettext.dll` ### 提取字符可手动也可通过 xgettext ## 示例 ### xgettext 提取 <details> <summary>home.php</summary> ``` $str = 'home'; print <<<html <a href="#">{$str}</a> ``` </details> xgettext 提取 home.php `xgettext -a home.php -o home.pot` 生成的 home.pot <details> <summary>home.pot</summary> ``` # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) YEAR THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package. # FIRST AUTHOR <email@ADDRESS>, YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2009-07-23 20:56+0800\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <email@ADDRESS>\n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <ll@li.org>\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #: home.php:2 msgid "home" msgstr "" ``` </details> 生成 home.pot 文件 ``` > echo $LANG zh_CN.UTF-8 > msginit -l zh_CN.UTF-8 -i home.pot ``` <details> <summary>home.pot</summary> ``` # Chinese translations for PACKAGE package # PACKAGE 软件包的简体中文翻译. # Copyright (C) 2009 THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package. # <huixinchen@localhost.localdomain>, 2009. # msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2009-07-23 20:56+0800\n" "PO-Revision-Date: 2009-07-23 21:00+0800\n" "Last-Translator: <huixinchen@localhost.localdomain>\n" "Language-Team: Chinese\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=GB2312\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #: test.php:2 msgid "home" msgstr "主页" ``` </details> 根据po文件生成mo的二进制文件 `msgfmt zh_CN.po -o zh_CN.mo` 移动到指定目录 `cp -f zh_CN.mo local/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/home.mo` 执行,展示效果修改 home.php 文件 <details> <summary>home.php</summary> ``` setlocale(LC_ALL, 'zh_CN'); // Specify location of translation tables bindtextdomain("home", "locale"); // Choose domain textdomain("home"); // Translation is looking for in ./locale/zh_CN/LC_MESSAGES/home.mo now $str = gettext('home'); //也可以使用_('home') print <<<html <a href="#">{$str}</a> html; ``` </details> 执行 ``` > php home.php > <a href="#">主页</a> ``` ### 手动生成 .pot 文件手动添加 home.pot <details> <summary>home.pot</summary> ``` # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) YEAR THE PACKAGE'S COPYRIGHT HOLDER # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package. # FIRST AUTHOR <email@ADDRESS>, YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2009-07-23 20:56+0800\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <email@ADDRESS>\n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <ll@li.org>\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #: home.php:2 msgid "home" msgstr "" ``` </details>