C 结构与函数 · Programiz 中文系列教程

# C 结构与函数 > 原文： [https://www.programiz.com/c-programming/c-structure-function](https://www.programiz.com/c-programming/c-structure-function) #### 在本教程中，您将学习将结构变量作为参数传递给函数。您将学习借助示例从函数返回`struct`的方法。与内置类型的变量类似，您也可以将结构变量传递给函数。 * * * ## 将结构传递给函数我们建议您在学习如何将结构传递给函数之前先学习这些教程。 * [C 结构](/c-programming/c-structures) * [C 函数](/c-programming/c-functions) * [用户定义的函数](/c-programming/c-user-defined-functions) 这是将结构传递给函数的方法 ```c #include <stdio.h> struct student { char name[50]; int age; }; // function prototype void display(struct student s); int main() { struct student s1; printf("Enter name: "); // read string input from the user until \n is entered // \n is discarded scanf("%[^\n]%*c", s1.name); printf("Enter age: "); scanf("%d", &s1.age); display(s1); // passing struct as an argument return 0; } void display(struct student s) { printf("\nDisplaying information\n"); printf("Name: %s", s.name); printf("\nAge: %d", s.age); } ``` **输出** ```c Enter name: Bond Enter age: 13 Displaying information Name: Bond Age: 13 ``` 在此，创建类型为`struct student`的结构变量`s1`。使用`display(s1);`语句将该变量传递到`display()`函数。 * * * ## 从函数返回结构这是从函数返回结构的方法： ```c #include <stdio.h> struct student { char name[50]; int age; }; // function prototype struct student getInformation(); int main() { struct student s; s = getInformation(); printf("\nDisplaying information\n"); printf("Name: %s", s.name); printf("\nRoll: %d", s.age); return 0; } struct student getInformation() { struct student s1; printf("Enter name: "); scanf ("%[^\n]%*c", s1.name); printf("Enter age: "); scanf("%d", &s1.age); return s1; } ``` 在此，使用`s = getInformation();`语句调用`getInformation()`函数。该函数返回`struct student`类型的结构。返回的结构通过`main()`函数显示。注意，`getInformation()`的返回类型也是`struct student`。 * * * ## 按引用传递结构您还可以按引用传递结构（就像您按引用传递内置类型的变量一样）。我们建议您在继续之前阅读[引用传递](/c-programming/c-pointer-functions)的文档。在按引用传递期间，结构变量的内存地址将传递给函数。 ```c #include <stdio.h> typedef struct Complex { float real; float imag; } complex; void addNumbers(complex c1, complex c2, complex *result); int main() { complex c1, c2, result; printf("For first number,\n"); printf("Enter real part: "); scanf("%f", &c1.real); printf("Enter imaginary part: "); scanf("%f", &c1.imag); printf("For second number, \n"); printf("Enter real part: "); scanf("%f", &c2.real); printf("Enter imaginary part: "); scanf("%f", &c2.imag); addNumbers(c1, c2, &result); printf("\nresult.real = %.1f\n", result.real); printf("result.imag = %.1f", result.imag); return 0; } void addNumbers(complex c1, complex c2, complex *result) { result->real = c1.real + c2.real; result->imag = c1.imag + c2.imag; } ``` **输出** ```c For first number, Enter real part: 1.1 Enter imaginary part: -2.4 For second number, Enter real part: 3.4 Enter imaginary part: -3.2 result.real = 4.5 result.imag = -5.6 ``` 在上述程序中，三个结构变量`c1`，`c2`和`result`的地址传递给`addNumbers()`函数。此处，`result`通过引用传递。当`addNumbers()`内的`result`变量被更改时，`main()`函数内的`result`变量也相应地被更改。