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#### 4.2.2 MeasureSpec和LayoutParams的对应关系 上面提到,系统内部是通过MeasureSpec来进行View的测量,但是正常情况下我们使用View指定MeasureSpec,尽管如此,但是我们可以给View设置LayoutParams。在View测量的时候,系统会将LayoutParams在父容器的约束下转换成对应的MeasureSpec,然后再根据这个MeasureSpec来确定View测量后的宽/高。需要注意的是,MeasureSpec不是唯一由LayoutParams决定的,LayoutParams需要和父容器一起才能决定View的MeasureSpec,从而进一步决定View的宽/高。另外,对于顶级View(即DecorView)和普通View来说,MeasureSpec的转换过程略有不同。对于DecorView,其MeasureSpec由窗口的尺寸和其自身的LayoutParams来共同确定;对于普通View,其MeasureSpec由父容器的MeasureSpec和自身的LayoutParams来共同决定,MeasureSpec一旦确定后,onMeasure中就可以确定View的测量宽/高。 对于DecorView来说,在ViewRootImpl中的measureHierarchy方法中有如下一段代码,它展示了DecorView的MeasureSpec的创建过程,其中desiredWindowWidth和desired-WindowHeight是屏幕的尺寸: childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowWidth, lp.width); childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(desiredWindowHeight, lp. height); performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec); 接着再看一下getRootMeasureSpec方法的实现: private static int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) { int measureSpec; switch (rootDimension) { case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT: // Window can't resize. Force root view to be windowSize. measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec. EXACTLY); break; case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT: // Window can resize. Set max size for root view. measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec. AT_MOST); break; default: // Window wants to be an exact size. Force root view to be that size. measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, Measure- Spec.EXACTLY); break; } return measureSpec; } 通过上述代码,DecorView的MeasureSpec的产生过程就很明确了,具体来说其遵守如下规则,根据它的LayoutParams中的宽/高的参数来划分。 * LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:精确模式,大小就是窗口的大小; * LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:最大模式,大小不定,但是不能超过窗口的大小; * 固定大小(比如100dp):精确模式,大小为LayoutParams中指定的大小。 对于普通View来说,这里是指我们布局中的View, View的measure过程由ViewGroup传递而来,先看一下ViewGroup的measureChildWithMargins方法: protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed, int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) { final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayout- Params(); final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidth MeasureSpec, mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin + widthUsed, lp.width); final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeight- MeasureSpec, mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin + heightUsed, lp.height); child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec); } 上述方法会对子元素进行measure,在调用子元素的measure方法之前会先通过getChildMeasureSpec方法来得到子元素的MeasureSpec。从代码来看,很显然,子元素的MeasureSpec的创建与父容器的MeasureSpec和子元素本身的LayoutParams有关,此外还和View的margin及padding有关,具体情况可以看一下ViewGroup的getChildMeasureSpec方法,如下所示。 public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int child- Dimension) { int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec); int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec); int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding); int resultSize = 0; int resultMode = 0; switch (specMode) { // Parent has imposed an exact size on us case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY: if (childDimension >= 0) { resultSize = childDimension; resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) { // Child wants to be our size. So be it. resultSize = size; resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) { // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be // bigger than us. resultSize = size; resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; } break; // Parent has imposed a maximum size on us case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST: if (childDimension >= 0) { // Child wants a specific size... so be it resultSize = childDimension; resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) { // Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed. // Constrain child to not be bigger than us. resultSize = size; resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) { // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be // bigger than us. resultSize = size; resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST; } break; // Parent asked to see how big we want to be case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED: if (childDimension >= 0) { // Child wants a specific size... let him have it resultSize = childDimension; resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY; } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) { // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should // be resultSize = 0; resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED; } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) { // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how // big it should be resultSize = 0; resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED; } break; } return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode); } 上述方法不难理解,它的主要作用是根据父容器的MeasureSpec同时结合View本身的LayoutParams来确定子元素的MeasureSpec,参数中的padding是指父容器中已占用的空间大小,因此子元素可用的大小为父容器的尺寸减去padding,具体代码如下所示。 int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec); int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding); getChildMeasureSpec清楚展示了普通View的MeasureSpec的创建规则,为了更清晰地理解getChildMeasureSpec的逻辑,这里提供一个表,表中对getChildMeasureSpec的工作原理进行了梳理,请看表4-1。注意,表中的parentSize是指父容器中目前可使用的大小。 :-: 表4-1 普通View的MeasureSpec的创建规则 ![](https://img.kancloud.cn/61/ed/61ed8d409cb1b09f5575c1f51ab7ae79_1351x364.png) 针对表4-1,这里再做一下说明。前面已经提到,对于普通View,其MeasureSpec由父容器的MeasureSpec和自身的LayoutParams来共同决定,那么针对不同的父容器和View本身不同的LayoutParams, View就可以有多种MeasureSpec。这里简单说一下,当View采用固定宽/高的时候,不管父容器的MeasureSpec是什么,View的MeasureSpec都是精确模式并且其大小遵循Layoutparams中的大小。当View的宽/高是match_parent时,如果父容器的模式是精准模式,那么View也是精准模式并且其大小是父容器的剩余空间;如果父容器是最大模式,那么View也是最大模式并且其大小不会超过父容器的剩余空间。当View的宽/高是wrap_content时,不管父容器的模式是精准还是最大化,View的模式总是最大化并且大小不能超过父容器的剩余空间。可能读者会发现,在我们的分析中漏掉了UNSPECIFIED模式,那是因为这个模式主要用于系统内部多次Measure的情形,一般来说,我们不需要关注此模式。 通过表4-1可以看出,只要提供父容器的MeasureSpec和子元素的LayoutParams,就可以快速地确定出子元素的MeasureSpec了,有了MeasureSpec就可以进一步确定出子元素测量后的大小了。需要说明的是,表4-1并非是什么经验总结,它只是getChildMeasureSpec这个方法以表格的方式呈现出来而已。