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# 7.5 重新定义函数和宏 **NOTE**:*此示例代码可以在 https://github.com/dev-cafe/cmake-cookbook/tree/v1.0/chapter-7/recipe-05 中找到。该示例在CMake 3.5版(或更高版本)中是有效的,并且已经在GNU/Linux、macOS和Windows上进行过测试。* 我们已经提到模块包含不应该用作函数调用,因为模块可能被包含多次。本示例中,我们将编写我们自己的“包含保护”机制,如果多次包含一个模块,将触发警告。内置的`include_guard`命令从3.10版开始可以使用,对于C/C++头文件,它的行为就像`#pragma`一样。对于当前版本的CMake,我们将演示如何重新定义函数和宏,并且展示如何检查CMake版本,对于低于3.10的版本,我们将使用定制的“包含保护”机制。 ## 准备工作 这个例子中,我们将使用三个文件: ```shell . ├── cmake │ ├── custom.cmake │ └── include_guard.cmake └── CMakeLists.txt ``` `custom.cmake `模块包含以下代码: ```cmake include_guard(GLOBAL) message(STATUS "custom.cmake is included and processed") ``` 我们稍后会对` cmake/include_guard.cmake`进行讨论。 ## 具体实施 我们对三个CMake文件的逐步分解: 1. 示例中,我们不会编译任何代码,因此我们的语言要求是`NONE`: ```cmake cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5 FATAL_ERROR) project(recipe-05 LANGUAGES NONE) ``` 2. 定义一个`include_guard`宏,将其放在一个单独的模块中: ```cmake # (re)defines include_guard include(cmake/include_guard.cmake) ``` 3. ` cmake/include_guard.cmake`文件包含以下内容(稍后将详细讨论): ```cmake macro(include_guard) if (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS "3.10") # for CMake below 3.10 we define our # own include_guard(GLOBAL) message(STATUS "calling our custom include_guard") # if this macro is called the first time # we start with an empty list if(NOT DEFINED included_modules) set(included_modules) endif() if ("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE}" IN_LIST included_modules) message(WARNING "module ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE} processed more than once") endif() list(APPEND included_modules ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE}) else() # for CMake 3.10 or higher we augment # the built-in include_guard message(STATUS "calling the built-in include_guard") _include_guard(${ARGV}) endif() endmacro() ``` 4. 主CMakeLists.txt中,我们模拟了两次包含自定义模块的情况: ```cmake include(cmake/custom.cmake) include(cmake/custom.cmake) ``` 5. 最后,使用以下命令进行配置: ```shell $ mkdir -p build $ cd build $ cmake .. ``` 6. 使用CMake 3.10及更高版本的结果如下: ```shell -- calling the built-in include_guard -- custom.cmake is included and processed -- calling the built-in include_guard ``` 7. 使用CMake得到3.10以下的结果如下: ```shell - calling our custom include_guard -- custom.cmake is included and processed -- calling our custom include_guard CMake Warning at cmake/include_guard.cmake:7 (message): module /home/user/example/cmake/custom.cmake processed more than once Call Stack (most recent call first): cmake/custom.cmake:1 (include_guard) CMakeLists.txt:12 (include) ``` ## 工作原理 `include_guard`宏包含两个分支,一个用于CMake低于3.10,另一个用于CMake高于3.10: ```cmake macro(include_guard) if (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS "3.10") # ... else() # ... endif() endmacro() ``` 如果CMake版本低于3.10,进入第一个分支,并且内置的`include_guard`不可用,所以我们自定义了一个: ```cmake message(STATUS "calling our custom include_guard") # if this macro is called the first time # we start with an empty list if(NOT DEFINED included_modules) set(included_modules) endif() if ("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE}" IN_LIST included_modules) message(WARNING "module ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE} processed more than once") endif() list(APPEND included_modules ${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE}) ``` 如果第一次调用宏,则`included_modules`变量没有定义,因此我们将其设置为空列表。然后检查`${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE}`是否是`included_modules`列表中的元素。如果是,则会发出警告;如果没有,我们将`${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_FILE}`追加到这个列表。CMake输出中,我们可以验证自定义模块的第二个包含确实会导致警告。 CMake 3.10及更高版本的情况有所不同;在这种情况下,存在一个内置的`include_guard`,我们用自己的宏接收到参数并调用它: ```cmake macro(include_guard) if (CMAKE_VERSION VERSION_LESS "3.10") # ... else() message(STATUS "calling the built-in include_guard") _include_guard(${ARGV}) endif() endmacro() ``` 这里,`_include_guard(${ARGV})`指向内置的`include_guard`。本例中,使用自定义消息(“调用内置的`include_guard`”)进行了扩展。这种模式为我们提供了一种机制,来重新定义自己的或内置的函数和宏,这对于调试或记录日志来说非常有用。 **NOTE**:*这种模式可能很有用,但是应该谨慎使用,因为CMake不会对重新定义的宏或函数进行警告。*