# Deploying AWS Lambda function using GitLab CI/CD
> 原文：[https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/clusters/serverless/aws.html](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/clusters/serverless/aws.html)
* [Serverless Framework](#serverless-framework)
* [Example](#example)
* [Steps](#steps)
* [Creating a Lambda handler function](#creating-a-lambda-handler-function)
* [Creating a `serverless.yml` file](#creating-a-serverlessyml-file)
* [Crafting the `.gitlab-ci.yml` file](#crafting-the-gitlab-ciyml-file)
* [Setting up your AWS credentials with your GitLab account](#setting-up-your-aws-credentials-with-your-gitlab-account)
* [Deploying your function](#deploying-your-function)
* [Manually testing your function](#manually-testing-your-function)
* [How To](#how-to)
* [Running function locally](#running-function-locally)
* [Secret variables](#secret-variables)
* [Setting up CORS](#setting-up-cors)
* [Writing automated tests](#writing-automated-tests)
* [Examples and template](#examples-and-template)
* [AWS Serverless Application Model](#aws-serverless-application-model)
* [Deploying AWS Lambda function using AWS SAM and GitLab CI/CD](#deploying-aws-lambda-function-using-aws-sam-and-gitlab-cicd)
* [Example](#example-1)
* [Steps](#steps-1)
* [Installing SAM CLI](#installing-sam-cli)
* [Creating an AWS SAM application using SAM CLI](#creating-an-aws-sam-application-using-sam-cli)
* [Setting up your AWS credentials with your GitLab account](#setting-up-your-aws-credentials-with-your-gitlab-account-1)
* [Crafting the `.gitlab-ci.yml` file](#crafting-the-gitlab-ciyml-file-1)
* [Deploying your application](#deploying-your-application)
* [Testing the deployed application](#testing-the-deployed-application)
* [Testing Locally](#testing-locally)
# Deploying AWS Lambda function using GitLab CI/CD[](#deploying-aws-lambda-function-using-gitlab-cicd "Permalink")
GitLab 允许用户轻松部署 AWS Lambda 函数并创建丰富的无服务器应用程序.
GitLab 支持使用以下无服务器框架通过 GitLab CI / CD 部署 AWS Lambda 功能：
* [Serverless Framework with AWS](#serverless-framework)
* [AWS’ Serverless Application Model (SAM)](#aws-serverless-application-model)
## Serverless Framework[](#serverless-framework "Permalink")
The [Serverless Framework can deploy to AWS](https://www.serverless.com/framework/docs/providers/aws/).
我们准备了一个包含分步指南的示例，以创建一个简单功能并将其部署在 AWS 上.
此外，在"操作方法["部分中](#how-to) ，您可以了解不同的用例，例如：
* 在本地运行功能.
* 处理秘密.
* 设置 CORS.
或者，您可以[使用 template](../../../../gitlab-basics/create-project.html#project-templates)快速[创建一个新项目](../../../../gitlab-basics/create-project.html#project-templates) . [`Serverless Framework/JS`模板](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/project-templates/serverless-framework/)已经包括下面描述的所有部分.
### Example[](#example "Permalink")
在以下示例中，您将：
1. 创建一个基本的 AWS Lambda Node.js 函数.
2. 将该函数链接到 API Gateway `GET`端点.
#### Steps[](#steps "Permalink")
该示例包括以下步骤：
1. 创建 Lambda 处理函数.
2. 创建一个`serverless.yml`文件.
3. 制作`.gitlab-ci.yml`文件.
4. 使用 GitLab 账户设置 AWS 凭证.
5. 部署您的功能.
6. 测试已部署的功能.
让我们一步一步来.
#### Creating a Lambda handler function[](#creating-a-lambda-handler-function "Permalink")
您的 Lambda 函数将是请求的主要处理程序. 在这种情况下，我们将创建一个非常简单的 Node.js `hello`函数：
```
'use strict';
module.exports.hello = async event => {
return {
statusCode: 200,
body: JSON.stringify(
{
message: 'Your function executed successfully!'
},
null,
2
),
};
};
```
将此代码放在文件`src/handler.js` .
`src`是无服务器功能的标准位置，但是您可以根据需要进行自定义.
在我们的例子中， `module.exports.hello`定义了`hello` ，这将在以后的引用处理器`serverless.yml`
您可以在此处了解有关 AWS Lambda Node.js 函数处理程序及其所有各种选项的更多信息： [https](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/nodejs-prog-model-handler.html) : [//docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/nodejs-prog-model-handler.html](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/nodejs-prog-model-handler.html)
#### Creating a `serverless.yml` file[](#creating-a-serverlessyml-file "Permalink")
在项目的根目录中，创建一个`serverless.yml`文件，其中将包含 Serverless Framework 的配置详细信息.
将以下代码放入文件中：
```
service: gitlab-example
provider:
name: aws
runtime: nodejs10.x
functions:
hello:
handler: src/handler.hello
events:
- http: GET hello
```
我们的函数包含一个处理程序和一个事件.
处理程序定义将使用位于`src/handler.hello`的源代码提供 Lambda 函数.
`events`声明将创建一个 AWS API Gateway `GET`终端节点，以接收外部请求并将其通过服务集成传递给 Lambda 函数.
您可以阅读有关无服务器框架的[可用属性和其他配置可能性](https://www.serverless.com/framework/docs/providers/aws/guide/serverless.yml/)的更多信息.
#### Crafting the `.gitlab-ci.yml` file[](#crafting-the-gitlab-ciyml-file "Permalink")
在项目根目录下的`.gitlab-ci.yml`文件中，放置以下代码：
```
image: node:latest
stages:
- deploy
production:
stage: deploy
before_script:
- npm config set prefix /usr/local
- npm install -g serverless
script:
- serverless deploy --stage production --verbose
environment: production
```
此示例代码执行以下操作：
1. 对所有 GitLab CI / CD 版本使用`node:latest`映像
2. The `deploy` stage:
* 安装无服务器框架.
* 使用上面定义的 AWS 凭证将无服务器功能部署到您的 AWS 账户.
#### Setting up your AWS credentials with your GitLab account[](#setting-up-your-aws-credentials-with-your-gitlab-account "Permalink")
为了与您的 AWS 账户进行交互，GitLab CI / CD 管道要求在您的 GitLab 设置中的**设置> CI / CD>变量**下定义`AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID`和`AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY` . 有关更多信息，请参见[在 UI 中创建自定义变量](../../../../ci/variables/README.html#create-a-custom-variable-in-the-ui) .
**注意：**您提供的 AWS 凭证必须包括 IAM 策略，以提供对 AWS Lambda，API 网关，CloudFormation 和 IAM 资源的正确访问控制.
#### Deploying your function[](#deploying-your-function "Permalink")
`git push` the changes to your GitLab repository and the GitLab build pipeline will automatically deploy your function.
在您的 GitLab 部署阶段日志中，将包含您的 AWS Lambda 端点 URL 的输出. 日志行将类似于以下内容：
```
endpoints:
GET - https://u768nzby1j.execute-api.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/production/hello
```
#### Manually testing your function[](#manually-testing-your-function "Permalink")
运行以下`curl`命令将触发您的功能.
**注意：**您的 URL 应该是从 GitLab 部署阶段日志中检索到的 URL.
```
curl https://u768nzby1j.execute-api.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/production/hello
```
那应该输出：
```
{ "message": "Your function executed successfully!" }
```
万岁！ 现在，您已经通过 GitLab CI / CD 部署了 AWS Lambda 函数.
干得好！
### How To[](#how-to "Permalink")
在本节中，我们向您展示如何在基本示例上构建以下内容：
* 在本地运行该功能.
* 设置秘密变量.
* 设置 CORS.
#### Running function locally[](#running-function-locally "Permalink")
`serverless-offline`插件允许在本地运行代码. 要在本地运行代码：
1. 将以下内容添加到您的`serverless.yml` ：
```
plugins:
- serverless-offline
```
2. 通过运行以下命令来启动服务：
```
serverless offline
```
运行以下`curl`命令将触发您的功能.
```
curl http://localhost:3000/hello
```
它应该输出：
```
{ "message": "Your function executed successfully!" }
```
#### Secret variables[](#secret-variables "Permalink")
Secrets are injected into your functions using environment variables.
通过在`serverless.yml`的 provider 部分中定义变量，可以将它们添加到已部署函数的环境中：
```
provider:
...
environment:
A_VARIABLE: ${env:A_VARIABLE}
```
从那里，您也可以在函数中引用它们. 请记住，在**设置> CI / CD>**变量下，将`A_VARIABLE`添加到您的 GitLab CI / CD 变量中，它将随您的函数一起被拾取和部署.
**注意：**有权访问 AWS 环境的任何人都可以查看 lambda 定义中保留的那些变量的值.
#### Setting up CORS[](#setting-up-cors "Permalink")
如果您想要建立一个调用函数的网页，就像我们在[模板中](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/project-templates/serverless-framework/)所做的那样，则需要处理跨域资源共享（CORS）.
快速的方法来做到这一点是添加`cors: true`标志的 HTTP 端点在你`serverless.yml` ：
```
functions:
hello:
handler: src/handler.hello
events:
- http: # Rewrite this part to enable CORS
path: hello
method: get
cors: true # <-- CORS here
```
您还需要在函数响应中返回 CORS 特定的标头：
```
'use strict';
module.exports.hello = async event => {
return {
statusCode: 200,
headers: {
// Uncomment the line below if you need access to cookies or authentication
// 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials': true,
'Access-Control-Allow-Origin': '*'
},
body: JSON.stringify(
{
message: 'Your function executed successfully!'
},
null,
2
),
};
};
```
有关更多信息，请参阅由无服务器框架团队撰写的《 [您的 CORS 和 API 网关生存指南》](https://www.serverless.com/blog/cors-api-gateway-survival-guide/)博客文章.
#### Writing automated tests[](#writing-automated-tests "Permalink")
[无服务器框架](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/project-templates/serverless-framework/)示例项目展示了如何使用 Jest，Axios 和`serverless-offline`插件对本地和已部署的无服务器功能进行自动化测试.
### Examples and template[](#examples-and-template "Permalink")
示例代码可用：
* 作为[可克隆的存储库](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/serverless/examples/serverless-framework-js) .
* 在带有[测试和秘密变量](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/project-templates/serverless-framework/)的版本中.
您还可以在 GitLab UI 中使用[模板](../../../../gitlab-basics/create-project.html#project-templates) （基于带有测试和秘密变量的版本）（请参阅`Serverless Framework/JS`模板）.
## AWS Serverless Application Model[](#aws-serverless-application-model "Permalink")
AWS 无服务器应用程序模型是用于构建无服务器应用程序的开源框架. 它使构建和部署无服务器应用程序变得更加容易. 有关更多详细信息，请参阅有关[AWS 无服务器应用程序模型的](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/serverless-application-model/) AWS 文档.
### Deploying AWS Lambda function using AWS SAM and GitLab CI/CD[](#deploying-aws-lambda-function-using-aws-sam-and-gitlab-cicd "Permalink")
GitLab 允许开发人员使用以下组合来构建和部署无服务器应用程序：
* [AWS Serverless Application Model (AWS SAM)](https://aws.amazon.com/serverless/sam/).
* 亚搏体育 app CI / CD.
### Example[](#example-1 "Permalink")
在以下示例中，您将：
* 安装 SAM CLI.
* 创建一个示例 SAM 应用程序，其中包括 Lambda 函数和 API 网关.
* 使用 GitLab CI / CD 将应用程序构建并部署到您的 AWS 账户.
### Steps[](#steps-1 "Permalink")
该示例包括以下步骤：
1. 安装 SAM CLI.
2. 使用 SAM CLI 创建 AWS SAM 应用程序.
3. 制作`.gitlab-ci.yml`文件.
4. 使用 GitLab 账户设置 AWS 凭证.
5. 部署您的应用程序.
6. 测试已部署的功能.
### Installing SAM CLI[](#installing-sam-cli "Permalink")
AWS SAM 提供了一个称为 AWS SAM CLI 的 CLI，可简化创建和管理应用程序的过程.
本文档中的某些步骤使用 SAM CLI. 请按照说明[安装 SAM CLI](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/serverless-application-model/latest/developerguide/serverless-sam-cli-install.html)来安装和配置 SAM CLI.
如果您将[AWS Cloud9](https://aws.amazon.com/cloud9/)用作集成开发环境（IDE），则会为您安装以下软件：
* [AWS Command Line Interface](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/en_pv/cli/latest/userguide/cli-chap-install.html)
* [SAM CLI](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/en_pv/serverless-application-model/latest/developerguide/serverless-sam-cli-install.html)
* [Docker](https://s0docs0docker0com.icopy.site/install/)和必要的 Docker 映像
### Creating an AWS SAM application using SAM CLI[](#creating-an-aws-sam-application-using-sam-cli "Permalink")
要创建新的 AWS SAM 应用程序：
1. 创建一个新的 GitLab 项目.
2. `git clone`将项目`git clone`到您的本地环境中.
3. 更改为新克隆的项目，并使用以下命令创建新的 SAM 应用程序：
```
sam init -r python3.8 -n gitlabpoc --app-template "hello-world"
```
4. `git push`应用程序`git push`回到 GitLab 项目.
这将使用默认配置创建一个名为`gitlabpoc`的 SAM 应用程序，该配置是[Amazon API Gateway](https://aws.amazon.com/api-gateway/)端点调用的单个 Python 3.8 函数. 要查看 SAM 支持的其他运行时以及`sam init`选项，请运行：
```
sam init -h
```
### Setting up your AWS credentials with your GitLab account[](#setting-up-your-aws-credentials-with-your-gitlab-account-1 "Permalink")
为了与您的 AWS 账户进行交互，GitLab CI / CD 管道要求在项目的 CI / CD 变量中同时设置`AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID`和`AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY` .
设置这些：
1. 导航到项目的 **设置> CI / CD** .
2. 展开**变量**部分，并为`AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID`和`AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY`创建条目.
3. 屏蔽凭据，以免使用"已**屏蔽"**切换将其显示在日志中.
**注意：**您提供的 AWS 凭证必须包括 IAM 策略，以提供对 AWS Lambda，API 网关，CloudFormation 和 IAM 资源的正确访问控制.
### Crafting the `.gitlab-ci.yml` file[](#crafting-the-gitlab-ciyml-file-1 "Permalink")
在项目根目录中的[`.gitlab-ci.yml`](../../../../ci/yaml/README.html)文件中，添加以下内容，并将`<S3_bucket_name>`替换为要在其中存储软件包的 S3 存储桶的名称：
```
image: python:latest
stages:
- deploy
production:
stage: deploy
before_script:
- pip3 install awscli --upgrade
- pip3 install aws-sam-cli --upgrade
script:
- sam build
- sam package --output-template-file packaged.yaml --s3-bucket <S3_bucket_name>
- sam deploy --template-file packaged.yaml --stack-name gitlabpoc --s3-bucket <S3_bucket_name> --capabilities CAPABILITY_IAM --region us-east-1
environment: production
```
让我们更仔细地检查配置文件：
* `image`指定用于此构建的 Docker 映像. 由于示例应用程序是用 Python 编写的，因此这是最新的 Python 图像.
* AWS CLI 和 AWS SAM CLI 安装在`before_script`部分中.
* SAM 构建，打包和部署命令用于构建，打包和部署应用程序.
### Deploying your application[](#deploying-your-application "Permalink")
Push changes to your GitLab repository and the GitLab build pipeline will automatically deploy your application. If your:
* 构建和部署成功， [测试已部署的应用程序](#testing-the-deployed-application) .
* 生成失败，请查看生成日志以查看生成失败的原因. 构建可能会失败的一些常见原因是：
* 不兼容的软件版本. 例如，Python 运行时版本可能与构建计算机上的 Python 不同. 通过安装所需的软件版本来解决此问题.
* 您可能无法从 GitLab 访问您的 AWS 账户. 检查您使用 AWS 凭证设置的环境变量.
* 您可能没有权限部署无服务器应用程序. 确保提供了部署无服务器应用程序所需的所有权限.
### Testing the deployed application[](#testing-the-deployed-application "Permalink")
要测试您部署的应用程序，请转到构建日志，然后执行以下步骤：
1. 点击右上角的"显示完整的原始数据"：
[](img/sam-complete-raw.png)
2. 查找 HelloWorldApi –与以下所示类似的 API 网关端点：
[](img/sam-api-endpoint.png)
3. 使用 curl 测试 API. 例如：
```
curl https://py4rg7qtlg.execute-api.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/Prod/hello/
```
输出应为：
```
{"message": "hello world"}
```
### Testing Locally[](#testing-locally "Permalink")
AWS SAM 提供了在本地测试应用程序的功能. 您必须在本地安装 AWS SAM CLI，才能在本地进行测试.
首先，测试功能.
SAM 在`events/event.json`中提供一个默认事件，其中包括以下消息主体：
```
{\"message\": \"hello world\"}
```
如果您将该事件传递给`HelloWorldFunction` ，则它应该以相同的主体响应.
通过运行以下命令来调用该函数：
```
sam local invoke HelloWorldFunction -e events/event.json
```
输出应为：
```
{"message": "hello world"}
```
确认 Lambda 函数按预期工作后，请按照以下步骤测试 API 网关.
通过运行以下命令在本地启动 API：
```
sam local start-api
```
SAM 再次启动 Docker 容器，这一次是在`localhost:3000`上侦听的模拟 Amazon API Gateway.
通过运行以下命令来调用`hello` API：
```
curl http://127.0.0.1:3000/hello
```
再次输出应为：
```
{"message": "hello world"}
```
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