# Style guide for writing end-to-end tests
> 原文:[https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/development/testing_guide/end_to_end/style_guide.html](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/development/testing_guide/end_to_end/style_guide.html)
* [`click_` versus `go_to_`](#click_-versus-go_to_)
* [When to use `click_`?](#when-to-use-click_)
* [When to use `go_to_`?](#when-to-use-go_to_)
* [Element naming convention](#element-naming-convention)
* [Examples](#examples)
* [Block argument naming](#block-argument-naming)
* [Examples](#examples-1)
# Style guide for writing end-to-end tests[](#style-guide-for-writing-end-to-end-tests "Permalink")
本文档介绍了在 GitLab 上使用 GitLab QA 项目编写端到端(E2E)测试所使用的约定.
## `click_` versus `go_to_`[](#click_-versus-go_to_ "Permalink")
### When to use `click_`?[](#when-to-use-click_ "Permalink")
单击单个链接进行导航时,请使用`click_` .
E.g.:
```
def click_ci_cd_pipelines
within_sidebar do
click_element :link_pipelines
end
end
```
从测试的角度来看,如果我们要检查单击链接或按钮(单个交互)是否按预期工作,我们希望测试的内容为:
* 点击某个元素
* 验证操作是否发生
### When to use `go_to_`?[](#when-to-use-go_to_ "Permalink")
与多个元素进行交互以转到页面时,请使用`go_to_` .
E.g.:
```
def go_to_operations_environments
hover_operations do
within_submenu do
click_element(:operations_environments_link)
end
end
end
```
`go_to_`适合与多个元素进行交互的定义,因为它更多的是包含多个交互的元导航操作.
请注意,在上面的示例中,在单击`:operations_environments_link`之前,将鼠标悬停在另一个元素上.
> 我们可以创建这些方法作为抽象多步导航的助手.
## Element naming convention[](#element-naming-convention "Permalink")
在页面上添加新元素时,重要的是要有统一的元素命名约定.
我们遵循一个基于匈牙利表示法的简单公式.
*Formula*: `element :<descriptor>_<type>`
* `descriptor` :元素是什么的自然语言描述. 在登录页面上,可以是`username`或`password` .
* `type` :用户可以在页面上看到的通用控件.
* `_button`
* `_checkbox`
* `_container` :包含其他元素但本身不显示可见内容的元素. 例如,其中具有第三方编辑器的元素,但它本身不是编辑器,因此不包含编辑器的内容.
* `_content` :包含文本,图像或显示给用户的任何其他内容的任何元素.
* `_dropdown`
* `_field` :文本输入元素.
* `_link`
* `_modal` :弹出的模式对话框,例如确认提示.
* `_placeholder` :加载内容时出现的临时元素. 例如,在获取讨论时显示的元素而不是讨论.
* `_radio`
* `_tab`
* `_menu_item`
*注意:如果列出的类型都不适合,请打开合并请求以将适当的类型添加到列表中.*
### Examples[](#examples "Permalink")
**Good**
```
view '...' do
element :edit_button
element :notes_tab
element :squash_checkbox
element :username_field
element :issue_title_content
end
```
**Bad**
```
view '...' do
# `_confirmation` should be `_field`. what sort of confirmation? a checkbox confirmation? no real way to disambiguate.
# an appropriate replacement would be `element :password_confirmation_field`
element :password_confirmation
# `clone_options` is too vague. If it's a dropdown menu, it should be `clone_dropdown`.
# If it's a checkbox, it should be `clone_checkbox`
element :clone_options
# how is this url being displayed? is it a textbox? a simple span?
# If it is content on the page, it should be `ssh_clone_url_content`
element :ssh_clone_url
end
```
## Block argument naming[](#block-argument-naming "Permalink")
为了对使用`.perform`方法时调用的页面和资源有一个标准,我们在`.perform`使用页面对象的[名称](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_case) (全部小写,单词之间用下划线分隔). 请参阅下面的好与坏示例.
尽管在大多数情况下我们倾向于遵循该标准,但是只要名称不明确,也可以使用常见缩写(例如`mr` )或其他替代方式. 如果有助于避免混淆或使代码更具可读性,则可以包括附加`_page` . 例如,如果一个页面对象被命名为`New` ,也可能是混淆命名块论点`new` ,因为这是用来实例化对象,所以`new_page`是可以接受的.
我们选择不只是使用`page`因为这会遮盖 Capybara DSL,从而可能导致混乱和错误.
### Examples[](#examples-1 "Permalink")
**Good**
```
Page::Project::Members.perform do |members|
members.do_something
end
```
```
Resource::MergeRequest.fabricate! do |merge_request|
merge_request.do_something_else
end
```
```
Resource::MergeRequest.fabricate! do |mr|
mr.do_something_else
end
```
```
Page::Project::New.peform do |new_page|
new_page.do_something
end
```
**Bad**
```
Page::Project::Members.perform do |project_settings_members_page|
project_settings_members_page.do_something
end
```
```
Page::Project::New.peform do |page|
page.do_something
end
```
> 除了采用标准的优点之外,通过遵循该标准,我们还编写了较短的代码行.
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