# Releases
> 原文:[https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/releases/](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/releases/)
* [View releases](#view-releases)
* [Create a release](#create-a-release)
* [Schedule a future release](#schedule-a-future-release)
* [Edit a release](#edit-a-release)
* [Add release notes to Git tags](#add-release-notes-to-git-tags)
* [Associate milestones with a release](#associate-milestones-with-a-release)
* [Get notified when a release is created](#get-notified-when-a-release-is-created)
* [Prevent unintentional releases by setting a deploy freeze](#prevent-unintentional-releases-by-setting-a-deploy-freeze)
* [Release fields](#release-fields)
* [Tag name](#tag-name)
* [Release notes description](#release-notes-description)
* [Release assets](#release-assets)
* [Permanent links to release assets](#permanent-links-to-release-assets)
* [Source code](#source-code)
* [Links](#links)
* [Release evidence](#release-evidence)
* [Collect release evidence](#collect-release-evidence-premium-only)
* [Include report artifacts as release evidence](#include-report-artifacts-as-release-evidence-ultimate-only)
* [Schedule release evidence collection](#schedule-release-evidence-collection)
* [Disable release evidence display](#disable-release-evidence-display-core-only)
* [GitLab Releaser](#gitlab-releaser)
# Releases[](#releases "Permalink")
在 GitLab 11.7 中[引入](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/issues/41766) .
要在源代码历史记录中引入检查点,可以在发布时分配[Git 标签](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Tagging) . 但是,在大多数情况下,您的用户不仅需要原始源代码. 他们需要 CI / CD 系统输出的已编译对象或其他资产.
GitLab *发行版*是与代码的发行版本相关联的源,构建输出,工件和其他元数据的快照.
您可以在任何分支上创建一个 GitLab 版本. 创建发行版时:
* manbetx 客户端打不开自动归档源代码,并将其与版本关联.
* GitLab 会自动创建一个 JSON 文件,其中列出了发行版中的所有内容,因此您可以比较和审核发行版. 该文件称为[发布证据](#release-evidence) .
* 您可以添加发行说明以及与发行版关联的标签的消息.
创建发行版后,您可以将[里程碑与其关联](#associate-milestones-with-a-release) ,并附加[发行资产](#release-assets) ,例如运行手册或软件包.
## View releases[](#view-releases "Permalink")
在 GitLab 12.8 中[引入](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/36667) .
要查看版本列表:
* 转到**项目概述>版本** ,或
* 在项目的概述页面上,如果存在至少一个版本,请单击版本数.
[![Number of Releases](https://img.kancloud.cn/f1/63/f16336f915df475e08fa032072d6be11_752x172.png "Incremental counter of Releases")](img/releases_count_v13_2.png)
* 在公共项目上,此数字对所有用户可见.
* 在私有项目上,具有 Reporter [权限](../../permissions.html#project-members-permissions)或更高[权限的](../../permissions.html#project-members-permissions)用户可以看到此数字.
## Create a release[](#create-a-release "Permalink")
在 GitLab 12.9 中[引入](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/32812) . 可以在 GitLab UI 中直接创建发布.
**注意:**只有具有开发者权限或更高权限的用户才能创建发行版. 阅读有关[释放权限的](../../../user/permissions.html#project-members-permissions)更多信息.
您可以在用户界面中或使用[Releases API](../../../api/releases/index.html#create-a-release)创建发布. 我们建议使用 API添加发行说明,作为 CI / CD 发行流程中的最后步骤之一.
要通过 GitLab UI 创建新版本:
1. 导航到**项目概述>发布** ,然后单击**新发布**按钮.
2. 在[**标签名称**](#tag-name)框中,输入一个名称.
3. In the **从创建** list, select the branch or enter a tag or commit SHA.
4. 在" **消息"**框中,输入与标签关联的消息.
5. (可选)在" [**发行说明"**](#release-notes-description)字段中,输入发行说明. 您可以使用 Markdown 并将文件拖放到此字段.
* 如果将此字段留空,则只会创建一个标签.
* 如果您填充它,将同时创建标签和发行版.
6. Click **创建标签**.
如果创建了发行版,则可以在**项目概述>发行版中**对其进行查看. 如果创建了标签,则可以在**存储库>标签中**查看它.
现在,您可以编辑发布以[添加里程碑](#associate-milestones-with-a-release)和[发布资产](#release-assets) .
### Schedule a future release[](#schedule-a-future-release "Permalink")
在 GitLab 12.1 中[引入](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/issues/38105) .
您可以使用[Releases API](../../../api/releases/index.html#upcoming-releases)提前创建发行[版](../../../api/releases/index.html#upcoming-releases) . 当您设置将来的`released_at`日期时,将在发布标签旁边显示**即将发布**的发布标志. 经过`released_at`日期和时间后,会自动删除徽章.
[![An upcoming release](https://img.kancloud.cn/bc/1c/bc1ca1a269aba22120fc00ca86716e63_1974x590.png)](img/upcoming_release_v12_7.png)
## Edit a release[](#edit-a-release "Permalink")
在 GitLab 12.6 中[引入](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/26016) . 在 GitLab 12.10 中[引入](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/9427)了资产链接编辑.
**注意:**只有具有开发者权限或更高权限的用户才能编辑发行版. 阅读有关[释放权限的](../../../user/permissions.html#project-members-permissions)更多信息.
要编辑发布的详细信息:
1. 导航到**项目概述>发布** .
2. 在您要修改的发行版的右上角,单击" **编辑此发行版"** (铅笔图标).
3. 在" **编辑版本"**页面上,更改版本的详细信息.
4. Click **保存更改**.
您可以编辑发行标题,注释,关联的里程碑和资产链接. 要更改其他发行信息,例如标签或发行日期,请使用[Releases API](../../../api/releases/index.html#update-a-release) .
## Add release notes to Git tags[](#add-release-notes-to-git-tags "Permalink")
If you have an existing Git tag, you can add release notes to it.
您可以在用户界面中或使用[Releases API](../../../api/releases/index.html)来执行此操作. 我们建议使用 API添加发行说明,作为 CI / CD 发行流程中的最后步骤之一.
在界面中,要向新的 Git 标签添加发行说明:
1. 导航到您项目的**Repository> Tags** .
2. Click **新的一天**.
3. 在**发行说明**字段中,输入发行说明. 您可以使用 Markdown 并将文件拖放到此字段.
4. Click **创建标签**.
在界面中,要将发行说明添加到现有的 Git 标签:
1. 导航到您项目的**Repository> Tags** .
2. 单击**编辑发行说明** (铅笔图标).
3. 在**发行说明**字段中,输入发行说明. 您可以在此字段中使用 Markdown,并将文件拖放到该字段中.
4. Click **保存更改**.
## Associate milestones with a release[](#associate-milestones-with-a-release "Permalink")
版本历史
* 在 GitLab 12.5 中[引入](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/29020) .
* [已更新](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/39467) ,可在 GitLab 13.0 中的 UI 中编辑里程碑.
您可以将一个版本与一个或多个[项目里程碑](../milestones/index.html#project-milestones-and-group-milestones)相关联.
您可以在用户界面中执行此操作,也可以在对[Releases API 的](../../../api/releases/index.html#create-a-release)请求中包含一个`milestones`数组.
在用户界面中,要将里程碑与版本关联:
1. 导航到**项目概述>发布** .
2. 在您要修改的发行版的右上角,单击" **编辑此发行版"** (铅笔图标).
3. 从" **里程碑"**列表中,选择要关联的每个里程碑. 您可以选择多个里程碑.
4. Click **保存更改**.
在" **项目概述">"发布"**页面上, **里程碑**列在顶部,以及有关里程碑问题的统计信息.
[![A Release with one associated milestone](https://img.kancloud.cn/f6/37/f63752e86a25ea8bee0c2978f2715f5e_1272x369.png)](img/release_with_milestone_v12_9.png)
在" **问题">"里程碑"**页面上,以及当您单击此页面上的里程碑时,也可以看到发行版本.
这是一个里程碑示例,分别没有发布,一个发布和两个发布.
[![Milestones with and without Release associations](https://img.kancloud.cn/97/2c/972cb2c6ea118252fa447ace56bf8422_871x374.png)](img/milestone_list_with_releases_v12_5.png)
## Get notified when a release is created[](#get-notified-when-a-release-is-created "Permalink")
在 GitLab 12.4 中[引入](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/26001) .
为您的项目创建新版本时,将通过电子邮件通知您.
订阅发布通知:
1. 导航到" **项目概述"** .
2. 单击**通知设置** (响铃图标).
3. 在列表中,点击**自定义** .
4. Select the **新品发布** check box.
5. 关闭对话框进行保存.
## Prevent unintentional releases by setting a deploy freeze[](#prevent-unintentional-releases-by-setting-a-deploy-freeze "Permalink")
在 GitLab 13.0 中[引入](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/29382) .
通过设置[*部署冻结*期,](../../../ci/environments/deployment_safety.html)可以在指定的时间内防止意外的生产发布. 冻结部署有助于减少自动化部署时的不确定性和风险.
使用" [冻结时间" API](../../../api/freeze_periods.html)设置被定义为[crontab](https://crontab.guru/)条目的`freeze_start`和`freeze_end` .
如果正在执行的作业处于冻结期,则 GitLab CI / CD 会创建一个名为`$CI_DEPLOY_FREEZE`的环境变量.
为了防止执行部署作业,请在`gitlab-ci.yaml`创建一个`rules`条目,例如:
```
deploy_to_production:
stage: deploy
script: deploy_to_prod.sh
rules:
- if: $CI_DEPLOY_FREEZE == null
```
如果项目包含多个冻结期,则所有时期都适用. 如果它们重叠,则冻结将覆盖整个重叠期间.
有关更多信息,请参阅[部署安全](../../../ci/environments/deployment_safety.html) .
## Release fields[](#release-fields "Permalink")
创建或编辑发行版时,以下字段可用.
### Tag name[](#tag-name "Permalink")
发行标签名称应包括发行版本. GitLab 在我们的发行版中使用[语义版本控制](https://semver.org/) ,我们建议您也这样做. 使用`(Major).(Minor).(Patch)` ,如[GitLab 版本控制政策](../../../policy/maintenance.html#versioning)中所述.
例如,对于 GitLab 版本`10.5.7` :
* `10`代表主要版本. 主要版本是`10.0.0` ,但通常称为`10.0` .
* `5`代表次要版本. 次要版本为`10.5.0` ,但通常称为`10.5` .
* `7`代表补丁号码.
版本号的任何部分都可以是多个数字,例如`13.10.11` .
### Release notes description[](#release-notes-description "Permalink")
每个版本都有说明. 您可以添加任何您喜欢的文本,但是我们建议您添加一个变更日志来描述发行版本的内容. 这可以帮助用户快速扫描您发布的每个版本之间的差异.
**注意:** [Git 的标记消息](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Tagging)和发行说明描述无关. 说明支持[Markdown](../../markdown.html) .
### Release assets[](#release-assets "Permalink")
当前,您可以将以下类型的资产添加到每个版本:
* [Source code](#source-code)
* [Links](#links)
manbetx 客户端打不开将在未来支持更多的资产类型,包括诸如预装包,合规性/安全证据或容器图像之类的对象.
#### Permanent links to release assets[](#permanent-links-to-release-assets "Permalink")
在 GitLab 12.9 中[引入](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/27300) .
与发布相关联的资产可通过永久 URL 访问. GitLab 将始终将此 URL 重定向到实际资产位置,因此,即使资产移动到其他位置,您也可以继续使用相同的 URL. 这是在[链接创建](../../../api/releases/links.html#create-a-link)或[更新](../../../api/releases/links.html#update-a-link)期间定义的.
每个资产都有一个名称, *实际*资产位置的 URL,以及一个可选的`filepath`参数,如果您指定它,它将创建指向发布的资产的 URL. URL 的格式为:
```
https://host/namespace/project/releases/:release/downloads/:filepath
```
如果您对资产`v11.9.0-rc2`的发布`gitlab-org`命名空间和`gitlab-runner`项目上`gitlab.com` ,例如:
```
{ "name": "linux amd64", "filepath": "/binaries/gitlab-runner-linux-amd64", "url": "https://gitlab-runner-downloads.s3.amazonaws.com/v11.9.0-rc2/binaries/gitlab-runner-linux-amd64" }
```
该资产具有以下直接链接:
```
https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-runner/releases/v11.9.0-rc2/downloads/binaries/gitlab-runner-linux-amd64
```
资产的物理位置可以随时更改,并且直接链接将保持不变.
### Source code[](#source-code "Permalink")
GitLab 会根据给定的 Git 标签自动生成`zip` , `tar.gz` , `tar.bz2`和`tar`归档的源代码. 这些是只读资产.
### Links[](#links "Permalink")
A link is any URL which can point to whatever you like: documentation, built binaries, or other related materials. These can be both internal or external links from your GitLab instance.
链接的四种类型是" Runbook"," Package"," Image"和" Other".
## Release evidence[](#release-evidence "Permalink")
在 GitLab 12.6 中[引入](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/26019) .
每次创建发行版时,GitLab 都会拍摄与之相关的数据快照. 此数据保存在 JSON 文件中,称为*发布证据* . 它包括链接的里程碑和问题,并且可以促进内部流程,例如外部审核.
要访问发布证据,请在"发布"页面上,单击" **证据集合"**标题下列出的 JSON 文件的链接.
您还可以[使用 API](../../../api/releases/index.html#collect-release-evidence-premium-only)生成现有版本的版本证据. 因此,每个版本可以具有多个版本证据快照. 您可以在"发布"页面上查看发布证据及其详细信息.
**注意:**禁用问题跟踪器后, [将无法下载](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/208397)发布证据.
这是释放证据对象的示例:
```
{ "release": { "id": 5, "tag_name": "v4.0", "name": "New release", "project": { "id": 20, "name": "Project name", "created_at": "2019-04-14T11:12:13.940Z", "description": "Project description" }, "created_at": "2019-06-28 13:23:40 UTC", "description": "Release description", "milestones": [ { "id": 11, "title": "v4.0-rc1", "state": "closed", "due_date": "2019-05-12 12:00:00 UTC", "created_at": "2019-04-17 15:45:12 UTC", "issues": [ { "id": 82, "title": "The top-right popup is broken", "author_name": "John Doe", "author_email": "john@doe.com", "state": "closed", "due_date": "2019-05-10 12:00:00 UTC" }, { "id": 89, "title": "The title of this page is misleading", "author_name": "Jane Smith", "author_email": "jane@smith.com", "state": "closed", "due_date": "nil" } ] }, { "id": 12, "title": "v4.0-rc2", "state": "closed", "due_date": "2019-05-30 18:30:00 UTC", "created_at": "2019-04-17 15:45:12 UTC", "issues": [] } ], "report_artifacts": [ { "url":"https://gitlab.example.com/root/project-name/-/jobs/111/artifacts/download" } ] } }
```
### Collect release evidence[](#collect-release-evidence-premium-only "Permalink")
[Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/199065) in [GitLab Premium](https://about.gitlab.com/pricing/) 12.10.
创建发布后,将自动收集发布证据. 要在其他任何时间启动证据收集,请使用[API 调用](../../../api/releases/index.html#collect-release-evidence-premium-only) . 您可以为一个发布多次收集发布证据.
在"发布"页面上可以看到证据收集快照,以及收集证据的时间戳.
### Include report artifacts as release evidence[](#include-report-artifacts-as-release-evidence-ultimate-only "Permalink")
[Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/32773) in [GitLab Ultimate](https://about.gitlab.com/pricing/) 13.2.
创建发布时,如果[作业工件](../../../ci/pipelines/job_artifacts.html#artifactsreports)包含在最后运行的管道中,则它们会自动作为发布证据包含在发布中.
尽管工作工件通常会过期,但发布证据中包含的工件不会过期.
要启用作业工件收集,您需要同时指定两个:
1. [`artifacts:paths`](../../../ci/yaml/README.html#artifactspaths)
2. [`artifacts:reports`](../../../ci/pipelines/job_artifacts.html#artifactsreports)
```
ruby:
script:
- gem install bundler
- bundle install
- bundle exec rspec --format progress --format RspecJunitFormatter --out rspec.xml
artifacts:
paths:
- rspec.xml
reports:
junit: rspec.xml
```
如果管道成功运行,则在创建发布时, `rspec.xml`文件将保存为发布证据.
**注:**如果您[计划发布证据收集](#schedule-release-evidence-collection) ,则某些[证据](#schedule-release-evidence-collection)可能在证据收集时已经过期. 为了避免这种情况,可以使用[`artifacts:expire_in`](../../../ci/yaml/README.html#artifactsexpire_in)关键字. 了解更多在[这个问题上](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/222351) .
### Schedule release evidence collection[](#schedule-release-evidence-collection "Permalink")
在 GitLab 12.8 中[引入](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/23697) .
在 API 中:
* 如果您指定未来的`released_at`日期,则该发布将成为**即将发布的发布,**并且将在发布日期收集证据. 在此之前,您无法收集释放证据.
* 如果您使用过去的`released_at`日期,则不会收集任何证据.
* 如果您未指定`released_at`日期,则在创建发布的日期收集发布证据.
### Disable release evidence display[](#disable-release-evidence-display-core-only "Permalink")
`:release_evidence_collection`功能标志在 GitLab 自管理实例中默认启用. 要关闭它,请要求具有 Rails 控制台访问权限的 GitLab 管理员运行以下命令:
```
Feature.disable(:release_evidence_collection)
```
**注意:**无论使用此功能标志如何,都将收集发布证据,该标志仅启用或禁用"发布"页面上的数据显示.
## GitLab Releaser[](#gitlab-releaser "Permalink")
在 GitLab 12.10 中[引入](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-releaser/-/merge_requests/6) .
GitLab Releaser 是一个 CLI 工具,用于从命令行或 GitLab 的 CI / CD 配置文件`.gitlab-ci.yml`管理 GitLab 版本.
有了它,您可以直接通过终端创建,更新,修改和删除发行版.
有关详细信息,请阅读[GitLab Releaser 文档](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-releaser/-/tree/master/docs/index.md) .
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