# Server hooks
> 原文:[https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/server_hooks.html](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/server_hooks.html)
* [Create a server hook for a repository](#create-a-server-hook-for-a-repository)
* [Create a global server hook for all repositories](#create-a-global-server-hook-for-all-repositories)
* [Chained hooks](#chained-hooks)
* [Environment Variables](#environment-variables)
* [Transition to Go](#transition-to-go)
* [Custom error messages](#custom-error-messages)
* [Example custom error message](#example-custom-error-message)
# Server hooks[](#server-hooks-core-only "Permalink")
在 GitLab 12.8 中[引入,](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/196051)以取代"自定义挂钩".
Git 支持在不同动作上执行的钩子. 这些挂钩在服务器上运行,可用于执行特定的提交策略或基于存储库的状态执行其他任务.
Git 支持以下钩子:
* `pre-receive`
* `post-receive`
* `update`
有关每种钩子类型的更多信息,请参见[Git 文档](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Hooks#_server_side_hooks) .
服务器端 Git 挂钩可以配置为:
* [A single repository](#create-a-server-hook-for-a-repository).
* [All repositories](#create-a-global-server-hook-for-all-repositories).
Note the following about server hooks:
* 必须在 GitLab 服务器的文件系统上配置服务器挂钩. 只有 GitLab 服务器管理员才能完成这些任务. 如果您没有文件系统访问权限,请参见以下替代方法:
* [Webhooks](../user/project/integrations/webhooks.html) .
* [亚搏体育 app CI / CD](../ci/README.html) .
* [推送规则](../push_rules/push_rules.html) ,用于用户可配置的 Git 挂钩界面.
* 服务器挂钩不会复制到[Geo](geo/replication/index.html)辅助节点.
## Create a server hook for a repository[](#create-a-server-hook-for-a-repository "Permalink")
如果您不使用[哈希存储](repository_storage_types.html#hashed-storage) ,则项目的存储库目录可能与以下说明不完全匹配. 在这种情况下:
* 对于从源进行的安装,路径通常是`/home/git/repositories/<group>/<project>.git` .
* 对于 Omnibus GitLab 安装,路径通常为`/var/opt/gitlab/git-data/repositories/<group>/<project>.git` .
请按照以下步骤为存储库设置服务器端挂钩:
1. 导航到" **管理"区域>"项目"** ,然后单击要向其添加服务器挂钩的项目.
2. 在出现的页面上找到**Gitaly 相对路径** . 这是必须实现服务器挂钩的地方. 有关解释相对路径的信息,请参阅[翻译哈希存储路径](repository_storage_types.html#translating-hashed-storage-paths) .
3. 在文件系统上,在此位置创建一个名为`custom_hooks`的新目录.
4. 在新的`custom_hooks`目录中,创建一个名称与钩子类型匹配的文件. 例如,对于预接收钩子,文件名应该是`pre-receive` ,没有扩展名.
5. 使挂钩文件可执行,并确保它由 Git 用户拥有.
6. 编写代码以使服务器挂钩功能按预期方式运行. 挂钩可以使用任何语言. 确保顶部的[" shebang"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang_(Unix))正确反映语言类型. 例如,如果脚本在 Ruby 中,则 shebang 可能是`#!/usr/bin/env ruby` .
假设正确执行了挂钩代码,则将适当地执行挂钩代码.
## Create a global server hook for all repositories[](#create-a-global-server-hook-for-all-repositories "Permalink")
要创建适用于您实例中所有存储库的 Git 挂钩,请设置一个全局服务器挂钩. 默认的全局服务器挂钩目录位于 GitLab Shell 目录中. 在那里添加的任何钩子都适用于所有存储库.
默认目录:
* 对于从源代码进行的安装,通常是`/home/git/gitlab-shell/hooks` .
* 对于 Omnibus GitLab,安装通常是`/opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-shell/hooks` .
要将其他目录用于全局服务器挂钩, `custom_hooks_dir`在 Gitaly 配置中设置`custom_hooks_dir` :
* 对于 Omnibus 安装,此设置在`gitlab.rb` .
* 对于源代码安装,配置位置取决于 GitLab 版本. 对于:
* GitLab 13.0 及更早版本,在`gitlab-shell/config.yml` .
* GitLab 13.1 及更高版本,在`[hooks]`部分的`gitaly/config.toml`进行设置.
**注意:** `gitlab-shell/config.yml`的`custom_hooks_dir`值在 GitLab 13.1 和更高版本中仍然被接受,如果`gitaly/config.toml`的值是空白或不存在.
请按照以下步骤为所有存储库设置全局服务器挂钩:
1. 在 GitLab 服务器上,导航到配置的全局服务器挂钩目录.
2. 在此位置创建一个新目录. 根据挂钩的类型,它可以是`pre-receive.d` , `post-receive.d`或`update.d`目录.
3. 在这个新目录中,添加您的钩子. 挂钩可以使用任何语言. 确保顶部的[" shebang"](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebang_(Unix))正确反映语言类型. 例如,如果脚本在 Ruby 中,则 shebang 可能是`#!/usr/bin/env ruby` .
4. 使挂钩文件可执行,并确保它由 Git 用户拥有.
现在,测试挂钩以检查其是否正常运行.
## Chained hooks[](#chained-hooks "Permalink")
在 GitLab Shell 4.1.0 和 GitLab 8.15 中[引入](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-shell/-/merge_requests/93) .
可以按链执行[每个项目](#create-a-server-hook-for-a-repository)或[全局](#create-a-global-server-hook-for-all-repositories)设置的服务器挂钩.
搜索服务器挂钩并按以下优先级顺序执行:
* 内置的 GitLab 服务器挂钩. 这些不是用户可定制的.
* `<project>.git/custom_hooks/<hook_name>` :每个项目的挂钩. 保留它是为了向后兼容.
* `<project>.git/custom_hooks/<hook_name>.d/*` :每个项目挂钩的位置.
* `<custom_hooks_dir>/<hook_name>.d/*` :除编辑器备份文件之外的所有可执行全局挂钩文件的位置.
在目录中,服务器挂钩:
* 按字母顺序执行.
* 当钩子以非零值退出时,停止执行.
Note:
* `<hook_name>.d`必须为`pre-receive.d` , `post-receive.d`或`update.d`才能正常工作. 其他任何名称都将被忽略.
* `.d`目录中的文件必须是可执行文件,并且与备份文件模式( `*~` )不匹配.
* 对于`<project>.git` ,你需要[翻译](repository_storage_types.html#translating-hashed-storage-paths)你的项目名称为散列存储格式 GitLab 用途.
## Environment Variables[](#environment-variables "Permalink")
以下环境变量集可用于服务器挂钩.
| 环境变量 | Description |
| --- | --- |
| `GL_ID` | 启动推送的用户的 GitLab 标识符. 例如, `user-2234` |
| `GL_PROJECT_PATH` | (GitLab 13.2 和更高版本)GitLab 项目路径 |
| `GL_PROTOCOL` | (GitLab 13.2 和更高版本)与 push 一起使用的协议 |
| `GL_REPOSITORY` | `project-<id>` ,其中`id`是项目的 ID |
| `GL_USERNAME` | 启动推送的用户的 GitLab 用户名 |
接收前和接收后服务器挂钩也可以访问以下 Git 环境变量.
| 环境变量 | Description |
| --- | --- |
| `GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES` | 隔离环境中的备用对象目录. 请参阅[Git `receive-pack`文档](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-receive-pack#_quarantine_environment) . |
| `GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY` | GitLab project path in the quarantine environment. See [Git `receive-pack` documentation](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-receive-pack#_quarantine_environment). |
| `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT` | 推送选项的数量. 请参阅[Git `pre-receive`文档](https://git-scm.com/docs/githooks#pre-receive) . |
| `GIT_PUSH_OPTION_<i>` | `i`从`0`到`GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT - 1`的推送选项的值. 请参阅[Git `pre-receive`文档](https://git-scm.com/docs/githooks#pre-receive) . |
**注意:**虽然其他环境变量可以传递给服务器挂钩,但是您的应用程序不应依赖它们,因为它们可以更改.
## Transition to Go[](#transition-to-go "Permalink")
在 GitLab 13.2 中使用功能标记引入.
以下服务器挂钩已在 Go 中重新实现:
* `pre-receive` ,默认情况下使用 Go 实现. 要改用 Ruby 实现,请[禁用](../operations/feature_flags.html#enable-or-disable-feature-flag-strategies) `:gitaly_go_preceive_hook`功能标记.
* `update` ,默认使用 Go 实现. 要改用 Ruby 实现,请[禁用](../operations/feature_flags.html#enable-or-disable-feature-flag-strategies) `:gitaly_go_update_hook`功能标志.
* `post-receive` ,但是默认情况下使用 Ruby 实现. 要改用 Go 实现,请[启用](../operations/feature_flags.html#enable-or-disable-feature-flag-strategies) `:gitaly_go_postreceive_hook`功能标志.
## Custom error messages[](#custom-error-messages "Permalink")
在 GitLab 8.10 中[引入](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/merge_requests/5073) .
要在拒绝提交或在 Git 挂钩期间发生错误时在 GitLab 的 UI 中显示自定义错误消息,您的脚本应:
* 将自定义错误消息发送到脚本的`stdout`或`stderr` .
* 给每条消息加上`GL-HOOK-ERR:`前缀,前缀前没有字符.
### Example custom error message[](#example-custom-error-message "Permalink")
用 Bash 编写的该钩子脚本在 GitLab 的 UI 中生成以下消息:
```
#!/bin/sh
echo "GL-HOOK-ERR: My custom error message.";
exit 1
```
[![Custom message from custom Git hook](https://img.kancloud.cn/fe/eb/feeb65acd9852a683927c4f35d7c13d3_850x351.png)](img/custom_hooks_error_msg.png)
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