# CI/CD development documentation
> 原文:[https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/development/cicd/](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/development/cicd/)
* [CI Architecture overview](#ci-architecture-overview)
* [Job scheduling](#job-scheduling)
* [Communication between Runner and GitLab server](#communication-between-runner-and-gitlab-server)
* [`Ci::RegisterJobService`](#ciregisterjobservice)
# CI/CD development documentation[](#cicd-development-documentation "Permalink")
此处列出了特定于 CI / CD 的开发指南.
如果要创建新的 CI / CD 模板,请阅读[GitLab CI / CD 模板的开发指南](templates.html) .
## CI Architecture overview[](#ci-architecture-overview "Permalink")
以下是 CI 体系结构的简化图. 为了集中在主要组件上,省略了一些细节.
[![CI software architecture](https://img.kancloud.cn/86/eb/86ebae2cb4e0366679c5737e96f63504_1226x651.png)](img/ci_architecture.png)
在左侧,我们有一些事件可以根据各种事件触发管道(由用户或自动化触发):
* `git push`是触发管道的最常见事件.
* The [Web API](../../api/pipelines.html#create-a-new-pipeline).
* 用户单击 UI 中的"运行管道"按钮.
* [创建或更新合并请求时](../../ci/merge_request_pipelines/index.html#pipelines-for-merge-requests) .
* 将 MR 添加到[合并列车时](../../ci/merge_request_pipelines/pipelines_for_merged_results/merge_trains/index.html#merge-trains-premium) .
* A [scheduled pipeline](../../ci/pipelines/schedules.html#pipeline-schedules).
* 当项目被[订阅到上游项目时](../../ci/multi_project_pipelines.html#trigger-a-pipeline-when-an-upstream-project-is-rebuilt) .
* 启用[自动 DevOps 时](../../topics/autodevops/index.html) .
* 当 GitHub 集成用于[外部请求请求时](../../ci/ci_cd_for_external_repos/index.html#pipelines-for-external-pull-requests) .
* 当上游管道包含[桥接作业时](../../ci/yaml/README.html#trigger) ,该[作业](../../ci/yaml/README.html#trigger)会触发下游管道.
触发任何这些事件将调用[`CreatePipelineService`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/app/services/ci/create_pipeline_service.rb) ,后者将输入事件数据并触发用户,然后尝试创建管道.
`CreatePipelineService`很大程度上依赖于[`YAML Processor`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/lib/gitlab/ci/yaml_processor.rb)组件,该组件负责将 YAML Blob 作为输入并返回管道的抽象数据结构(包括阶段和所有作业). 该组件还可以在处理 YAML 时验证其结构,并返回任何语法或语义错误. 在`YAML Processor`组件中,我们定义了[所有](../../ci/yaml/README.html)可用于构建管道[的关键字](../../ci/yaml/README.html) .
`CreatePipelineService`接收`YAML Processor`返回的抽象数据结构,然后将其转换为持久化模型(管道,阶段,作业等). 之后,就可以处理管道了. 处理管道意味着按执行顺序(阶段或 DAG)运行作业,直到以下任一情况为止:
* 所有预期的作业均已执行.
* 故障会中断管道执行.
处理管道的组件是[`ProcessPipelineService`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/app/services/ci/process_pipeline_service.rb) ,它负责将所有管道的作业移至完成状态. 创建管道时,其所有作业最初都处于`created`状态. 该服务根据流水线结构查看在`created`阶段可以处理哪些作业. 然后,它们将它们移到`pending`状态,这意味着它们现在[可以被 Runner 拾取](#job-scheduling) . 执行作业后,它可以成功完成或失败. 管道中作业的每个状态转换都会再次触发此服务,该服务会寻找下一个要转换为完成的作业. 在此过程中, `ProcessPipelineService`更新作业,阶段和整个管道的状态.
在图的右侧,我们有一个列表[运动员](../../ci/runners/README.html#configuring-gitlab-runners)连接到 GitLab 实例. 这些可以是共享运行者,组运行者或项目特定的运行者. Runners 与 Rails 服务器之间的通信通过一组 API 端点(称为`Runner API Gateway` .
我们可以注册,删除和验证运行器,这也将导致对数据库的读/写查询. 连接了 Runner 之后,它会继续询问要执行的下一个作业. 这将调用[`RegisterJobService`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/app/services/ci/register_job_service.rb) ,后者将选择下一个作业并将其分配给 Runner. 此时,作业将转换为`running`状态,由于状态更改,该状态再次触发`ProcessPipelineService` . 有关更多详细信息,请参阅" [作业调度"](#job-scheduling) .
在执行作业时,运行程序将日志以及任何可能需要存储的工件发送回服务器. 此外,作业可能依赖于先前作业中的工件才能运行. 在这种情况下,Runner 将使用专用的 API 端点下载它们.
工件存储在对象存储中,而元数据保留在数据库中. 工件的重要示例是报表(JUnit,SAST,DAST 等),这些报表在合并请求中进行了解析和呈现.
作业状态转换并非全部自动化. 用户可以运行[手动作业](../../ci/yaml/README.html#whenmanual) ,取消管道,重试特定的失败作业或整个管道. 导致作业更改状态的任何事件都将触发`ProcessPipelineService` ,因为它负责跟踪整个管道的状态.
一种特殊类型的作业是[桥接作业](../../ci/yaml/README.html#trigger) ,当过渡到`pending`状态时,该[作业](../../ci/yaml/README.html#trigger)在服务器端执行. 这项工作负责创建下游管道,例如多项目或子管道. 每次触发下游管道时,工作流程循环都将从`CreatePipelineService`重新开始.
## Job scheduling[](#job-scheduling "Permalink")
创建管道时,将为所有阶段一次创建所有作业,初始状态为`created` . 这使得可视化管道的全部内容成为可能.
跑步者将不会看到具有`created`状态的作业. 为了能够将作业分配给 Runner,该作业必须首先转换为`pending`状态,这在以下情况下可能发生:
1. 作业是在管道的第一阶段创建的.
2. 该作业需要手动启动,并且已被触发.
3. 前一阶段的所有作业均已成功完成. 在这种情况下,我们将所有工作从下一阶段过渡到`pending` .
4. 该作业使用`needs:`指定了 DAG 依赖项`needs:`并且所有依赖项都已完成.
连接了 Runner 时,它将通过连续轮询服务器来请求下一个`pending`作业运行.
**注意:** Runner 用于与 GitLab 交互的 API 端点在[`lib/api/runner.rb`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/lib/api/runner.rb)中定义
服务器收到请求后,将根据[`Ci::RegisterJobService`算法](#ciregisterjobservice)选择`pending`作业,然后将其分配并发送给 Runner.
在当前阶段完成所有作业后,服务器通过将其状态更改为" `pending` ",从下一阶段"解锁"所有作业. 现在,当 Runner 请求新作业时,可以由调度算法选择这些内容,并像这样继续进行,直到完成所有阶段.
### Communication between Runner and GitLab server[](#communication-between-runner-and-gitlab-server "Permalink")
使用注册令牌[注册](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/register/)了 Runner 之后,服务器便知道其可以执行的作业类型. 这取决于:
* 它注册的赛跑者类型为:
* 共享跑步者
* 团体赛跑者
* 项目特定的跑步者
* 任何关联的标签.
跑步者通过请求作业执行`POST /api/v4/jobs/request`来启动通信. 尽管轮询通常每隔几秒钟发生一次,但如果作业队列不变,我们将通过 HTTP 标头利用缓存来减少服务器端的工作量.
该 API 端点运行[`Ci::RegisterJobService`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/blob/master/app/services/ci/register_job_service.rb) ,该命令:
1. 从`pending`作业池中选择要运行的下一个作业
2. 分配给跑步者
3. 通过 API 响应将其呈现给 Runner
### `Ci::RegisterJobService`[](#ciregisterjobservice "Permalink")
此服务使用 3 个顶级查询来收集大多数作业,并且根据 Runner 注册到的级别选择它们:
* 选择共享的 Runner(实例级别)的作业
* 选择组级别运行器的作业
* 选择项目亚军的工作
This list of jobs is then filtered further by matching tags between job and Runner tags.
**注意:**如果作业包含标签,则与**所有**标签都不匹配的跑步者将不会选择该作业. 跑步者可能具有比该工作定义的标签更多的标签,但反之则没有.
最后,如果 Runner 仅能选择带标签的作业,则所有未带标签的作业都会被过滤掉.
在这一点上,我们遍历剩余的`pending`作业,然后尝试根据其他策略分配"可以选择" Runner 可以选择的第一个作业. 例如,标记为`protected`运行者只能选择针对受保护的分支(例如生产部署)运行的作业.
当我们增加池中的"奔跑者"数量时,如果将同一工作分配给不同"奔跑者",也会增加发生冲突的机会. 为防止这种情况,我们会适当地挽救冲突错误并在列表中分配下一个作业.
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