# Where variables can be used
> 原文:[https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/variables/where_variables_can_be_used.html](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/variables/where_variables_can_be_used.html)
* [Variables usage](#variables-usage)
* [`.gitlab-ci.yml` file](#gitlab-ciyml-file)
* [`config.toml` file](#configtoml-file)
* [Expansion mechanisms](#expansion-mechanisms)
* [GitLab internal variable expansion mechanism](#gitlab-internal-variable-expansion-mechanism)
* [GitLab Runner internal variable expansion mechanism](#gitlab-runner-internal-variable-expansion-mechanism)
* [Execution shell environment](#execution-shell-environment)
* [Persisted variables](#persisted-variables)
* [Variables with an environment scope](#variables-with-an-environment-scope)
# Where variables can be used[](#where-variables-can-be-used "Permalink")
如[CI / CD 变量](README.html)文档中所述,您可以定义许多不同的变量. 其中一些可用于所有 GitLab CI / CD 功能,但其中某些功能或多或少受到限制.
本文档描述了在何处以及如何使用不同类型的变量.
## Variables usage[](#variables-usage "Permalink")
有两个地方可以使用定义的变量. 在:
1. GitLab 端,位于`.gitlab-ci.yml` .
2. 跑步者方面,位于`config.toml` .
### `.gitlab-ci.yml` file[](#gitlab-ciyml-file "Permalink")
| Definition | 可以扩大吗? | 扩展地点 | Description |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| `environment:url` | yes | GitLab | 变量扩展由 GitLab 的[内部变量扩展机制完成](#gitlab-internal-variable-expansion-mechanism) .
支持为作业定义的所有变量(项目/组变量, `.gitlab-ci.yml`中的变量,触发器中的变量,管道计划中的变量).
不支持在 Runner 的`config.toml`定义的变量和在 job 的`script`创建的变量. |
| `environment:name` | yes | GitLab | 与`environment:url`相似,但是变量扩展不支持以下内容:
-基于环境名称的变量( `CI_ENVIRONMENT_NAME` , `CI_ENVIRONMENT_SLUG` ).
-与环境相关的任何其他变量(当前仅`CI_ENVIRONMENT_URL` ).
- [持久变量](#persisted-variables) . |
| `resource_group` | yes | GitLab | 与`environment:url`相似,但是变量扩展不支持以下内容:
-基于环境名称的变量( `CI_ENVIRONMENT_NAME` , `CI_ENVIRONMENT_SLUG` ).
-与环境相关的任何其他变量(当前仅`CI_ENVIRONMENT_URL` ).
- [持久变量](#persisted-variables) . |
| `variables` | yes | Runner | 变量扩展由 GitLab Runner 的[内部变量扩展机制完成](#gitlab-runner-internal-variable-expansion-mechanism) |
| `image` | yes | Runner | 变量扩展由 GitLab Runner 的[内部变量扩展机制完成](#gitlab-runner-internal-variable-expansion-mechanism) |
| `services:[]` | yes | Runner | 变量扩展由 GitLab Runner 的[内部变量扩展机制完成](#gitlab-runner-internal-variable-expansion-mechanism) |
| `services:[]:name` | yes | Runner | 变量扩展由 GitLab Runner 的[内部变量扩展机制完成](#gitlab-runner-internal-variable-expansion-mechanism) |
| `cache:key` | yes | Runner | 变量扩展由 GitLab Runner 的[内部变量扩展机制完成](#gitlab-runner-internal-variable-expansion-mechanism) |
| `artifacts:name` | yes | Runner | 变量扩展由 GitLab Runner 的外壳环境完成 |
| `script`, `before_script`, `after_script` | yes | 脚本执行外壳 | 变量扩展由[执行外壳环境进行](#execution-shell-environment) |
| `only:variables:[]`, `except:variables:[]` | no | n/a | 变量必须采用`$variable`的形式. 以下不支持:
-基于环境名称的变量( `CI_ENVIRONMENT_NAME` , `CI_ENVIRONMENT_SLUG` ).
-与环境相关的任何其他变量(当前仅`CI_ENVIRONMENT_URL` ).
- [持久变量](#persisted-variables) . |
### `config.toml` file[](#configtoml-file "Permalink")
**注意:**您可以在[Runner 的 docs 中](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/configuration/advanced-configuration.html)阅读有关`config.toml`更多信息.
| Definition | 可以扩大吗? | Description |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `runners.environment` | yes | 变量扩展由 Runner 的[内部变量扩展机制完成](#gitlab-runner-internal-variable-expansion-mechanism) |
| `runners.kubernetes.pod_labels` | yes | 变量扩展由 Runner 的[内部变量扩展机制完成](#gitlab-runner-internal-variable-expansion-mechanism) |
| `runners.kubernetes.pod_annotations` | yes | 变量扩展由 Runner 的[内部变量扩展机制完成](#gitlab-runner-internal-variable-expansion-mechanism) |
## Expansion mechanisms[](#expansion-mechanisms "Permalink")
共有三种扩展机制:
* GitLab
* 亚搏体育 app Runner
* 执行外壳环境
### GitLab internal variable expansion mechanism[](#gitlab-internal-variable-expansion-mechanism "Permalink")
扩展部分需要采用`$variable`或`${variable}`或`%variable%` . 每种格式都以相同的方式处理,无论最终由哪个 OS / shell 处理,因为扩展是在任何 Runner 获得该工作之前在 GitLab 中完成的.
### GitLab Runner internal variable expansion mechanism[](#gitlab-runner-internal-variable-expansion-mechanism "Permalink")
* 支持:项目/组变量, `.gitlab-ci.yml`变量, `config.toml`变量以及触发器,管道计划和手动管道中的变量.
* 不支持:在脚本内部定义的变量(例如, `export MY_VARIABLE="test"` ).
跑步者使用 Go 的`os.Expand()`方法进行变量扩展. 这意味着它将仅处理定义为`$variable`和`${variable}` . 同样重要的是,扩展只能执行一次,因此嵌套变量可能会或可能不会起作用,这取决于变量定义的顺序.
### Execution shell environment[](#execution-shell-environment "Permalink")
这是`script`执行期间发生的扩展. 它的工作方式取决于所使用的 shell( `bash` , `sh` , `cmd` ,PowerShell). 例如,如果作业的`script`包含行`echo $MY_VARIABLE-${MY_VARIABLE_2}` ,则应由 bash / sh 正确处理(保留空字符串或某些值,具体取决于是否定义了变量),但不适用于 Windows 的`cmd`或 PowerShell,因为这些外壳使用不同的变量语法.
Supported:
* 该`script`可以使用外壳默认的所有可用变量(例如,应在所有 bash / sh 外壳中包含的`$PATH` )以及 GitLab CI / CD 定义的所有变量(项目/组变量, `.gitlab-ci.yml`变量, `config.toml`变量以及触发器和管道计划中的变量).
* 该`script`还可以使用前面各行中定义的所有变量. 因此,例如,如果您定义变量`export MY_VARIABLE="test"` :
* 在`before_script` ,这将在以下几行工作`before_script`和相关的所有行`script` .
* 在`script` ,它将在以下`script`行中工作.
* 在`after_script` ,它将在`after_script`以下行中`after_script` .
对于`after_script`脚本,它们可以:
* 仅在同一`after_script`部分中使用在脚本之前定义的变量.
* 不要使用在`before_script`和`script`定义的变量.
这些限制是因为`after_script`脚本在[单独的 shell 上下文](../yaml/README.html#before_script-and-after_script)中执行.
## Persisted variables[](#persisted-variables "Permalink")
**注意:**一些持久变量包含令牌,由于安全原因,某些定义不能使用它们.
以下变量称为"持久":
* `CI_PIPELINE_ID`
* `CI_JOB_ID`
* `CI_JOB_TOKEN`
* `CI_BUILD_ID`
* `CI_BUILD_TOKEN`
* `CI_REGISTRY_USER`
* `CI_REGISTRY_PASSWORD`
* `CI_REPOSITORY_URL`
* `CI_DEPLOY_USER`
* `CI_DEPLOY_PASSWORD`
他们是:
* 支持["扩展位置"](#gitlab-ciyml-file)为的定义:
* 赛跑者.
* 脚本执行外壳.
* 不支持:
* 对于["扩展位置"](#gitlab-ciyml-file)是 GitLab 的定义.
* 在`only`和`except` [变量表达式中](README.html#environment-variables-expressions) .
## Variables with an environment scope[](#variables-with-an-environment-scope "Permalink")
支持使用环境范围定义的变量. 鉴于在`review/staging/*`范围内定义了一个变量`$STAGING_SECRET` ,将基于匹配的变量表达式创建以下使用动态环境的作业:
```
my-job:
stage: staging
environment:
name: review/$CI_JOB_STAGE/deploy
script:
- 'deploy staging'
only:
variables:
- $STAGING_SECRET == 'something'
```
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