# Migrating from CircleCI
> 原文:[https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/migration/circleci.html](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/migration/circleci.html)
* [`config.yml` vs `gitlab-ci.yml`](#configyml-vs-gitlab-ciyml)
* [Jobs](#jobs)
* [Docker image definition](#docker-image-definition)
* [Workflows](#workflows)
* [Parallel and sequential job execution](#parallel-and-sequential-job-execution)
* [Scheduled run](#scheduled-run)
* [Manual run](#manual-run)
* [Filter job by branch](#filter-job-by-branch)
* [Caching](#caching)
* [Contexts and variables](#contexts-and-variables)
* [Orbs](#orbs)
* [Build environments](#build-environments)
* [Machine and specific build environments](#machine-and-specific-build-environments)
# Migrating from CircleCI[](#migrating-from-circleci "Permalink")
如果您当前正在使用 CircleCI,则可以将 CI / CD 管道迁移到[GitLab CI / CD](../introduction/index.html) ,并开始使用其所有强大功能. 查看我们的[CircleCI 与 GitLab](https://about.gitlab.com/devops-tools/circle-ci-vs-gitlab.html)比较,以了解有什么不同.
在开始迁移之前,我们已经收集了一些您可能会觉得有用的资源.
[快速入门指南](../quick_start/README.html)很好地概述了 GitLab CI / CD 的工作方式. 您可能还对[Auto DevOps](../../topics/autodevops/index.html)感兴趣,可以将其用于构建,测试和部署应用程序,而几乎不需要或根本不需要进行任何配置.
对于高级 CI / CD 团队, [自定义项目模板](../../user/admin_area/custom_project_templates.html)可以启用管道配置的重用.
如果您有未在此处回答的问题, [GitLab 社区论坛](https://forum.gitlab.com/)将是一个很好的资源.
## `config.yml` vs `gitlab-ci.yml`[](#configyml-vs-gitlab-ciyml "Permalink")
CircleCI 的`config.yml`配置文件定义了脚本,作业和工作流程(在 GitLab 中称为"阶段"). 在 GitLab 中,对存储库根目录中的`.gitlab-ci.yml`文件使用类似的方法.
### Jobs[](#jobs "Permalink")
在 CircleCI 中,作业是执行特定任务的步骤的集合. 在 GitLab 中, [作业](../yaml/README.html#introduction)也是配置文件中的基本元素. 在 GitLab CI / CD 中,不需要`checkout`参数,因为系统会自动获取存储库.
CircleCI 示例作业定义:
```
jobs:
job1:
steps:
- checkout
- run: "execute-script-for-job1"
```
GitLab CI / CD 中相同作业定义的示例:
```
job1:
script: "execute-script-for-job1"
```
### Docker image definition[](#docker-image-definition "Permalink")
CircleCI 在作业级别定义图像,GitLab CI / CD 也支持该图像. 此外,GitLab CI / CD 支持全局设置此设置,以供所有未定义`image`作业使用.
CircleCI 示例图像定义:
```
jobs:
job1:
docker:
- image: ruby:2.6
```
Example of the same image definition in GitLab CI/CD:
```
job1:
image: ruby:2.6
```
### Workflows[](#workflows "Permalink")
CircleCI 确定具有`workflows`作业的运行顺序. 这也可用于确定并发,顺序,计划或手动运行. GitLab CI / CD 中的等效功能称为[stage](../yaml/README.html#stages) . 同一阶段的作业并行运行,并且仅在先前阶段完成后才运行. 默认情况下,当作业失败时,将跳过下一阶段的执行,但是即使[在](../yaml/README.html#allow_failure)作业失败之后,也可以继续执行下一阶段.
有关可使用的不同类型的管道的指南,请参见["管道体系结构概述](../pipelines/pipeline_architectures.html) ". 可以定制管道来满足您的需求,例如大型复杂项目或具有独立定义组件的 monorepo.
#### Parallel and sequential job execution[](#parallel-and-sequential-job-execution "Permalink")
以下示例显示了作业如何并行或顺序运行:
1. `job1`和`job2`并行运行(在 GitLab CI / CD 的`build`阶段).
2. 仅在`job1`和`job2`成功完成之后(在`test`阶段), `job1` `job3`运行.
3. 仅在`job3`成功完成之后(在`deploy`阶段), `job3` `job4`运行.
CircleCI `workflows`示例:
```
version: 2
jobs:
job1:
steps:
- checkout
- run: make build dependencies
job2:
steps:
- run: make build artifacts
job3:
steps:
- run: make test
job4:
steps:
- run: make deploy
workflows:
version: 2
jobs:
- job1
- job2
- job3:
requires:
- job1
- job2
- job4:
requires:
- job3
```
与 GitLab CI / CD 中的`stages`相同的工作流程示例:
```
stages:
- build
- test
- deploy
job 1:
stage: build
script: make build dependencies
job 2:
stage: build
script: make build artifacts
job3:
stage: test
script: make test
job4:
stage: deploy
script: make deploy
```
#### Scheduled run[](#scheduled-run "Permalink")
GitLab CI / CD 具有易于使用的 UI 来[调度管道](../pipelines/schedules.html) . 同样,可以使用[规则](../yaml/README.html#rules)来确定是否应将作业包括在计划的管道中或从计划的管道中排除.
计划的工作流程的 CircleCI 示例:
```
commit-workflow:
jobs:
- build
scheduled-workflow:
triggers:
- schedule:
cron: "0 1 * * *"
filters:
branches:
only: try-schedule-workflow
jobs:
- build
```
使用 GitLab CI / CD 中的[`rules`](../yaml/README.html#rules)使用同一调度管道的示例:
```
job1:
script:
- make build
rules:
- if: '$CI_PIPELINE_SOURCE == "schedule" && $CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME == "try-schedule-workflow"'
```
保存管道配置后,您可以在[GitLab UI 中](../pipelines/schedules.html#configuring-pipeline-schedules)配置 cron 计划,并且还可以在 UI 中启用或禁用计划.
#### Manual run[](#manual-run "Permalink")
手动工作流程的 CircleCI 示例:
```
release-branch-workflow:
jobs:
- build
- testing:
requires:
- build
- deploy:
type: approval
requires:
- testing
```
使用[`when: manual`](../yaml/README.html#whenmanual) GitLab CI / CD 中的[`when: manual`](../yaml/README.html#whenmanual)的相同工作流程示例:
```
deploy_prod:
stage: deploy
script:
- echo "Deploy to production server"
when: manual
```
### Filter job by branch[](#filter-job-by-branch "Permalink")
[规则](../yaml/README.html#rules)是一种机制,用于确定作业是否将针对特定分支运行.
按分支过滤的作业的 CircleCI 示例:
```
jobs:
deploy:
branches:
only:
- master
- /rc-.*/
```
在 GitLab CI / CD 中使用`rules`的相同工作流程示例:
```
deploy_prod:
stage: deploy
script:
- echo "Deploy to production server"
rules:
- if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "master"'
```
### Caching[](#caching "Permalink")
GitLab 提供了一种缓存机制,可通过重用以前下载的依赖项来加快作业的构建时间. 重要的是要了解[缓存和工件](../caching/index.html#cache-vs-artifacts)之间的区别,以充分利用这些功能.
使用缓存的作业的 CircleCI 示例:
```
jobs:
job1:
steps:
- restore_cache:
key: source-v1-< .Revision >
- checkout
- run: npm install
- save_cache:
key: source-v1-< .Revision >
paths:
- "node_modules"
```
在 GitLab CI / CD 中使用`cache`的同一管道的示例:
```
image: node:latest
# Cache modules in between jobs
cache:
key: $CI_COMMIT_REF_SLUG
paths:
- .npm/
before_script:
- npm ci --cache .npm --prefer-offline
test_async:
script:
- node ./specs/start.js ./specs/async.spec.js
```
## Contexts and variables[](#contexts-and-variables "Permalink")
CircleCI 提供了[上下文,](https://s0circleci0com.icopy.site/docs/2.0/contexts/)以跨项目管道安全地传递环境变量. 在 GitLab 中,可以创建一个[组](../../user/group/index.html)来将相关项目组装在一起. 在组级别, [变量](../variables/README.html#group-level-environment-variables)可以存储在各个项目之外,并安全地传递到跨多个项目的管道中.
## Orbs[](#orbs "Permalink")
有两个 GitLab 问题需要解决 CircleCI Orb,以及 GitLab 如何实现类似功能.
* [https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/Product/-/issues/1151](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/Product/-/issues/1151)
* [https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/195173](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/195173)
## Build environments[](#build-environments "Permalink")
CircleCI 为`executors`提供`executors`特定工作的基础技术. 在 GitLab 中,这是由[Runners](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/)完成的.
支持以下环境:
自我管理的跑步者:
* Linux
* Windows
* macOS
GitLab.com 共享跑步者:
* Linux
* Windows
* [Planned: macOS](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/gl-infra/infrastructure/-/issues/5720)
### Machine and specific build environments[](#machine-and-specific-build-environments "Permalink")
通过告诉 GitLab 哪些 Runners 应该运行作业, [标签](../yaml/README.html#tags)可以用于在不同平台上运行作业.
在特定环境中运行的作业的 CircleCI 示例:
```
jobs:
ubuntuJob:
machine:
image: ubuntu-1604:201903-01
steps:
- checkout
- run: echo "Hello, $USER!"
osxJob:
macos:
xcode: 11.3.0
steps:
- checkout
- run: echo "Hello, $USER!"
```
在 GitLab CI / CD 中使用`tags`进行同一作业的示例:
```
windows job:
stage:
- build
tags:
- windows
script:
- echo Hello, %USERNAME%!
osx job:
stage:
- build
tags:
- osx
script:
- echo "Hello, $USER!"
```
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