# Migrating from CVS
> 原文:[https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/import/cvs.html](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/import/cvs.html)
* [CVS vs Git](#cvs-vs-git)
* [Why migrate](#why-migrate)
* [How to migrate](#how-to-migrate)
# Migrating from CVS[](#migrating-from-cvs "Permalink")
[CVS](https://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/cvs)是类似于[SVN](svn.html)的旧式集中版本控制系统.
## CVS vs Git[](#cvs-vs-git "Permalink")
以下列表说明了 CVS 和 Git 之间的主要区别:
* **Git 已分发.** 另一方面,CVS 使用客户端-服务器体系结构进行集中管理. 这意味着 Git 具有更灵活的工作流程,因为您的工作区是整个存储库的副本. 例如,由于不必与远程服务器进行通信,因此这减少了切换分支或合并时的开销.
* **原子操作.** 在 Git 中,所有操作都是[原子](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_commit)操作,它们要么全部成功,要么失败而没有任何更改. 在 CVS 中,提交(和其他操作)不是原子的. 如果对存储库的操作在中间中断,则存储库可能处于不一致状态.
* **存放方法.** CVS 中的更改是按文件(更改集)进行的,而在 Git 中,已提交的文件将全部存储(快照). 这意味着在 Git 中还原或撤消整个更改非常容易.
* **修订版 ID.** 在 CVS 中,更改是针对每个文件的,修订 ID 由版本号表示,例如`1.4`反映了给定文件已更改了多少次. 在 Git 中,整个项目的每个版本(每次提交)的唯一名称都由 SHA-1 给出.
* **合并跟踪.** Git 使用一种先合并后提交的方法,而不是像 CVS 那样先合并后提交(或先更新再提交). 如果在准备创建新提交(新修订版)时有人在同一个分支上创建了一个新提交并推送到中央存储库,则 CVS 将强制您首先更新工作目录并解决冲突,然后再允许您提交. Git 并非如此. 您首先提交,将状态保存在版本控制中,然后合并其他开发人员的更改. 您还可以要求其他开发人员进行合并并自己解决任何冲突.
* **签名提交.** Git 支持使用 GPG 对提交进行签名,以提高安全性并验证提交确实来自其原始作者. GitLab 可以[与 GPG 集成,](../repository/gpg_signed_commits/index.html)并显示签名提交是否得到正确验证.
*上面的一些内容摘自这个很棒的[Stack Overflow 帖子](https://stackoverflow.com/a/824241/974710) . 有关差异的更完整列表,请查阅 Wikipedia 上有关[比较不同版本控制软件的文章](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_version_control_software) .*
## Why migrate[](#why-migrate "Permalink")
CVS 较旧,自 2008 年以来没有新版本发布.Git 提供了更多可使用的工具( `git bisect`之一),这使工作流程更加高效. 迁移到 Git / GitLab 有:
* **学习曲线更短** ,Git 具有庞大的社区和大量的入门指南(请参阅我们的[Git 主题](../../../topics/git/index.html) ).
* **与现代工具集成** ,迁移到 Git 和 GitLab,您可以拥有一个开源的端到端软件开发平台,该平台具有内置的版本控制,问题跟踪,代码审查,CI / CD 等.
* **支持许多网络协议** . Git 支持 SSH,HTTP / HTTPS 和 rsync 等,而 CVS 仅支持 SSH 及其自身的不安全的 pserver 协议,无需用户身份验证.
## How to migrate[](#how-to-migrate "Permalink")
以下是一些链接,可帮助您开始进行迁移:
* [Migrate using the `cvs-fast-export` tool](http://www.catb.org/~esr/reposurgeon/dvcs-migration-guide.html) ([*source code*](https://gitlab.com/esr/cvs-fast-export))
* [Stack Overflow post on importing the CVS repo](https://stackoverflow.com/a/11490134/974710)
* [Convert a CVS repository to Git](https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/linux-and-open-source/convert-cvs-repositories-to-git/)
* [Man page of the `git-cvsimport` tool](https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-cvsimport.html)
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