# Geo database replication
> 原文:[https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/geo/replication/database.html](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/geo/replication/database.html)
* [PostgreSQL replication](#postgresql-replication)
* [Step 1\. Configure the **primary** server](#step-1-configure-the-primary-server)
* [Step 2\. Configure the **secondary** server](#step-2-configure-the-secondary-server)
* [Step 3\. Initiate the replication process](#step-3-initiate-the-replication-process)
* [PgBouncer support (optional)](#pgbouncer-support-optional)
* [Troubleshooting](#troubleshooting)
# Geo database replication[](#geo-database-replication-premium-only "Permalink")
**注意:**如果您的 GitLab 安装使用外部(不受 Omnibus 管理)PostgreSQL 实例,则 Omnibus 角色将无法执行所有必要的配置步骤. 在这种情况下,请[改用 Geo with external PostgreSQL instances 文档](external_database.html) .**Note:** The stages of the setup process must be completed in the documented order. Before attempting the steps in this stage, [complete all prior stages](index.html#using-omnibus-gitlab).
本文档介绍了将**主** GitLab 数据库复制到**辅助**节点的数据库时必须执行的最少步骤. 您可能需要根据数据库设置,数据库大小等来更改一些值.
我们鼓励您先阅读所有步骤,然后再在测试/生产环境中执行这些步骤.
## PostgreSQL replication[](#postgresql-replication "Permalink")
进行写操作的 GitLab **主**节点将连接到**主**数据库服务器, **辅助**节点将连接到他们自己的数据库服务器(也是只读的).
我们建议使用[PostgreSQL 复制插槽,](https://medium.com/@tk512/replication-slots-in-postgresql-b4b03d277c75)以确保**主**节点保留恢复**次**节点所需的所有数据. 请参阅下面的更多细节.
The following guide assumes that:
* 您使用的是 Omnibus,因此使用的是 PostgreSQL 11 或更高版本,其中包括[`pg_basebackup`工具](https://s0www0postgresql0org.icopy.site/docs/11/app-pgbasebackup.html)和改进的[Foreign Data Wrapper](https://s0www0postgresql0org.icopy.site/docs/11/postgres-fdw.html)支持.
* 您已经设置了一个**主**节点(您要从中复制的 GitLab 服务器),并且正在运行 Omnibus 的 PostgreSQL(或等效版本),并且已经设置了一个新的**辅助**服务器,并且具有相同版本的 OS,PostgreSQL 和 GitLab.所有节点.
**警告:** Geo 可用于流复制. 目前不支持逻辑复制. 在[讨论支持问题](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/7420) .
### Step 1\. Configure the **primary** server[](#step-1-configure-the-primary-server "Permalink")
1. SSH 到您的 GitLab **主**服务器并以 root 用户身份登录:
```
sudo -i
```
2. 编辑`/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`并为您的节点添加一个**唯一的**名称:
```
# The unique identifier for the Geo node.
gitlab_rails['geo_node_name'] = '<node_name_here>'
```
3. 重新配置**主**节点以使更改生效:
```
gitlab-ctl reconfigure
```
4. 执行以下命令以将节点定义**为主**节点:
```
gitlab-ctl set-geo-primary-node
```
该命令将使用您在`/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`定义的`external_url` .
5. 仅限于 GitLab 10.4 及更高版本:执行以下操作以确保`gitlab`数据库用户已定义密码:
生成所需密码的 MD5 哈希值:
```
gitlab-ctl pg-password-md5 gitlab
# Enter password: <your_password_here>
# Confirm password: <your_password_here>
# fca0b89a972d69f00eb3ec98a5838484
```
Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`:
```
# Fill with the hash generated by `gitlab-ctl pg-password-md5 gitlab`
postgresql['sql_user_password'] = '<md5_hash_of_your_password>'
# Every node that runs Puma or Sidekiq needs to have the database
# password specified as below. If you have a high-availability setup, this
# must be present in all application nodes.
gitlab_rails['db_password'] = '<your_password_here>'
```
6. Omnibus GitLab 已经有一个名为`gitlab_replicator`的[复制用户](https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Streaming_Replication) . 您必须手动设置该用户的密码. 系统将提示您输入密码:
```
gitlab-ctl set-replication-password
```
如果您已将`gitlab_replicator`用户名更改为其他名称,则此命令还将读取`postgresql['sql_replication_user']` Omnibus 设置.
如果您使用的不是由 Omnibus GitLab 管理的外部数据库,则需要创建复制器用户并手动为其定义密码:
```
--- Create a new user 'replicator'
CREATE USER gitlab_replicator;
--- Set/change a password and grants replication privilege
ALTER USER gitlab_replicator WITH REPLICATION ENCRYPTED PASSWORD '<replication_password>';
```
7. 配置 PostgreSQL 以侦听网络接口:
出于安全原因,PostgreSQL 默认情况下不侦听任何网络接口. 但是,Geo 要求**辅助**节点能够连接到**主**节点的数据库. 因此,我们需要每个节点的地址.
**注意:**对于外部 PostgreSQL 实例,请参见[其他说明](external_database.html) .
如果使用的是云提供商,则可以通过云提供商的管理控制台查找每个地理节点的地址.
要查找 Geo 节点的地址,请 SSH 到 Geo 节点并执行:
```
##
## Private address
##
ip route get 255.255.255.255 | awk '{print "Private address:", $NF; exit}'
##
## Public address
##
echo "External address: $(curl --silent ipinfo.io/ip)"
```
在大多数情况下,以下地址将用于配置 GitLab Geo:
| Configuration | Address |
| --- | --- |
| `postgresql['listen_address']` | **主**节点的公用或 VPC 专用地址. |
| `postgresql['md5_auth_cidr_addresses']` | **辅助**节点的公用或 VPC 专用地址. |
如果您使用的是 Google Cloud Platform,SoftLayer 或提供虚拟私有云(VPC)的任何其他供应商,则可以将**主**节点和**辅助**节点的私有地址(对应于 Google Cloud Platform 的"内部地址")用于`postgresql['md5_auth_cidr_addresses']`和`postgresql['listen_address']` .
`listen_address`选项打开 PostgreSQL 直至与给定地址对应的接口的网络连接. 有关更多详细信息,请参见[PostgreSQL 文档](https://s0www0postgresql0org.icopy.site/docs/11/runtime-config-connection.html) .
根据您的网络配置,建议的地址可能不正确. 如果您的**主**节点和**辅助**节点通过局域网或连接可用性区域的虚拟网络(例如[Amazon 的 VPC](https://aws.amazon.com/vpc/)或[Google 的 VPC)进行连接](https://cloud.google.com/vpc/) ,则应将**辅助**节点的私有地址用于`postgresql['md5_auth_cidr_addresses']` .
编辑`/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`并添加以下内容,将 IP 地址替换为适合您的网络配置的地址:
```
##
## Geo Primary role
## - configure dependent flags automatically to enable Geo
##
roles ['geo_primary_role']
##
## Primary address
## - replace '<primary_node_ip>' with the public or VPC address of your Geo primary node
##
postgresql['listen_address'] = '<primary_node_ip>'
##
# Allow PostgreSQL client authentication from the primary and secondary IPs. These IPs may be
# public or VPC addresses in CIDR format, for example ['198.51.100.1/32', '198.51.100.2/32']
##
postgresql['md5_auth_cidr_addresses'] = ['<primary_node_ip>/32', '<secondary_node_ip>/32']
##
## Replication settings
## - set this to be the number of Geo secondary nodes you have
##
postgresql['max_replication_slots'] = 1
# postgresql['max_wal_senders'] = 10
# postgresql['wal_keep_segments'] = 10
##
## Disable automatic database migrations temporarily
## (until PostgreSQL is restarted and listening on the private address).
##
gitlab_rails['auto_migrate'] = false
```
8. 可选:如果要添加另一个**辅助**节点,则相关设置应如下所示:
```
postgresql['md5_auth_cidr_addresses'] = ['<primary_node_ip>/32', '<secondary_node_ip>/32', '<another_secondary_node_ip>/32']
```
您可能还需要编辑`wal_keep_segments`和`max_wal_senders`以匹配您的数据库复制要求. 有关更多信息,请查阅[PostgreSQL-复制文档](https://s0www0postgresql0org.icopy.site/docs/11/runtime-config-replication.html) .
9. 保存文件并重新配置 GitLab,以进行数据库侦听更改和要应用的复制插槽更改:
```
gitlab-ctl reconfigure
```
重新启动 PostgreSQL 以使其更改生效:
```
gitlab-ctl restart postgresql
```
10. 现在,重新启动 PostgreSQL 并重新侦听私有地址,即可重新启用迁移.
编辑`/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`并将配置**更改**为`true` :
```
gitlab_rails['auto_migrate'] = true
```
保存文件并重新配置 GitLab:
```
gitlab-ctl reconfigure
```
11. 现在,PostgreSQL 服务器已设置为接受远程连接,请运行`netstat -plnt | grep 5432` `netstat -plnt | grep 5432` ,以确保 PostgreSQL 在端口`5432`上侦听**主**服务器的私有地址.
12. 重新配置 GitLab 时会自动生成一个证书. 这将自动用于保护 PostgreSQL 流量免遭窃听,但是为了防止主动(中间人)攻击者, **辅助**节点需要证书的副本. 通过运行以下命令,在**主**节点上复制 PostgreSQL `server.crt`文件:
```
cat ~gitlab-psql/data/server.crt
```
将输出复制到剪贴板或本地文件中. 设置**辅助**节点时将需要它! 证书不是敏感数据.
### Step 2\. Configure the **secondary** server[](#step-2-configure-the-secondary-server "Permalink")
1. SSH 到您的 GitLab **辅助**服务器并以 root 用户身份登录:
```
sudo -i
```
2. 停止应用程序服务器和 Sidekiq
```
gitlab-ctl stop puma
gitlab-ctl stop sidekiq
```
**注意:**此步骤很重要,因此在完全配置节点之前,我们不要尝试执行任何操作.
3. [检查](../../raketasks/maintenance.html)与**主**节点的 PostgreSQL 服务器的[TCP 连接](../../raketasks/maintenance.html) :
```
gitlab-rake gitlab:tcp_check[<primary_node_ip>,5432]
```
**注意:**如果此步骤失败,则可能是您使用了错误的 IP 地址,或者防火墙可能阻止了对服务器的访问. 检查 IP 地址,并密切注意公用地址和专用地址之间的区别,并确保(如果存在防火墙)允许**次**节点连接到端口 5432 上的**主**节点.
4. 在**辅助**服务器上创建文件`server.crt` ,其中包含在**主**节点设置的最后一步中获得的内容:
```
editor server.crt
```
5. 在**辅助**节点上设置 PostgreSQL TLS 验证:
安装`server.crt`文件:
```
install \
-D \
-o gitlab-psql \
-g gitlab-psql \
-m 0400 \
-T server.crt ~gitlab-psql/.postgresql/root.crt
```
现在,PostgreSQL 将仅在验证 TLS 连接时识别该确切证书. 只能由有权访问私钥的人复制证书,该私钥**仅存**在于**主**节点上.
6. 测试`gitlab-psql`用户可以连接到**主**节点的数据库(默认的 Omnibus 数据库名称为`gitlabhq_production` ):
```
sudo \
-u gitlab-psql /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/psql \
--list \
-U gitlab_replicator \
-d "dbname=gitlabhq_production sslmode=verify-ca" \
-W \
-h <primary_node_ip>
```
出现提示时,输入您在第一步中为`gitlab_replicator`用户设置的密码. 如果所有方法均正常工作,则应该看到**主**节点数据库的列表.
此处连接失败表示 TLS 配置不正确. 确保**主**节点上`~gitlab-psql/data/server.crt`的内容与**辅助**节点上`~gitlab-psql/.postgresql/root.crt`的内容匹配.
7. 配置 PostgreSQL 以启用 FDW 支持:
此步骤类似于我们配置**主**实例的方式. 我们需要启用它,以启用 FDW 支持,即使使用单个节点也是如此.
编辑`/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`并添加以下内容,将 IP 地址替换为适合您的网络配置的地址:
```
##
## Geo Secondary role
## - configure dependent flags automatically to enable Geo
##
roles ['geo_secondary_role']
##
## Secondary address
## - replace '<secondary_node_ip>' with the public or VPC address of your Geo secondary node
##
postgresql['listen_address'] = '<secondary_node_ip>'
postgresql['md5_auth_cidr_addresses'] = ['<secondary_node_ip>/32']
##
## Database credentials password (defined previously in primary node)
## - replicate same values here as defined in primary node
##
postgresql['sql_user_password'] = '<md5_hash_of_your_password>'
gitlab_rails['db_password'] = '<your_password_here>'
##
## Enable FDW support for the Geo Tracking Database (improves performance)
##
geo_secondary['db_fdw'] = true
```
对于外部 PostgreSQL 实例,请参见[其他说明](external_database.html) . 如果您使以前的**主**节点重新联机以用作**辅助**节点,则还需要删除`roles ['geo_primary_role']`或`geo_primary_role['enable'] = true` .
8. 重新配置 GitLab,以使更改生效:
```
gitlab-ctl reconfigure
```
9. 重新启动 PostgreSQL 以使 IP 更改生效并再次重新配置:
```
gitlab-ctl restart postgresql
gitlab-ctl reconfigure
```
最后的重新配置将提供 FDW 配置并启用它.
### Step 3\. Initiate the replication process[](#step-3-initiate-the-replication-process "Permalink")
在下面,我们提供了一个脚本,该脚本将**辅助**节点上的数据库连接到**主要**节点上的数据库,复制数据库,并创建流复制所需的文件.
使用的目录是在 Omnibus 中设置的默认目录. 如果更改了任何默认值,请根据需要配置它,替换目录和路径.
**警告:**确保在**辅助**服务器上运行此命令,因为它会在运行`pg_basebackup`之前删除所有 PostgreSQL 的数据.
1. SSH 到您的 GitLab **辅助**服务器并以 root 用户身份登录:
```
sudo -i
```
2. 选择一个数据库友好名称,以供您的**辅助**节点用作复制插槽名称. 例如,如果您的域是`secondary.geo.example.com` ,则可以使用`secondary_example`作为插槽名称,如以下命令所示.
3. 执行以下命令以开始备份/还原并开始复制
**警告:**每个 Geo **辅助**节点必须具有自己的唯一复制插槽名称. 在两个辅助节点之间使用相同的插槽名称将破坏 PostgreSQL 复制.
```
gitlab-ctl replicate-geo-database \
--slot-name=<secondary_node_name> \
--host=<primary_node_ip>
```
**注意:**复制插槽名称只能包含小写字母,数字和下划线字符.
出现提示时,输入第一步中为`gitlab_replicator`用户设置的*纯文本*密码.
此命令还带有许多其他选项. 您可以使用`--help`列出所有内容,但是这里有一些提示:
* 如果 PostgreSQL 在非标准端口上侦听,则还要添加`--port=` .
* 如果数据库太大而无法在 30 分钟内传输,则需要增加超时,例如`--backup-timeout=3600`如果您希望初始复制花费一个小时以下的话.
* 通过`--sslmode=disable`可以完全跳过 PostgreSQL TLS 身份验证(例如,您知道网络路径是安全的,或者您使用的是站点到站点 VPN). 这**不是**通过公共互联网安全!
* 您可以在[PostgreSQL 文档中](https://s0www0postgresql0org.icopy.site/docs/11/libpq-ssl.html)阅读有关每个`sslmode`更多详细信息; 上面的说明均经过精心编写,以确保既能防御被动的窃听者,又能防御主动的"中间人"攻击者.
* 将`--slot-name`更改为要在**主**数据库上使用的复制插槽的名称. 该脚本将尝试自动创建复制插槽(如果不存在).
* If you’re repurposing an old server into a Geo **secondary** node, you’ll need to add `--force` to the command line.
* 如果不在生产机器中,则可以通过添加`--skip-backup`确保确实`--skip-backup`从而禁用备份步骤
复制过程现已完成.
## PgBouncer support (optional)[](#pgbouncer-support-optional "Permalink")
[PgBouncer](https://www.pgbouncer.org/)可以与 GitLab Geo 一起使用来合并 PostgreSQL 连接. 如果您在高可用性配置中使用 GitLab,且该群集的节点集群支持 Geo **主**节点,而另一个节点集群支持 Geo **辅助**节点,则建议使用 PgBouncer. 有关更多信息,请参见[Omnibus GitLab 的高可用性](../../postgresql/replication_and_failover.html) .
为了使 Geo **辅助**节点能够与数据库前面的 PgBouncer 一起正常使用,它将需要一个单独的只读用户才能使[PostgreSQL FDW 查询](https://s0www0postgresql0org.icopy.site/docs/11/postgres-fdw.html)起作用:
1. 在**主要的**地理数据库上,以管理员用户身份在控制台上输入 PostgreSQL. 如果使用的是 Omnibus 管理的数据库,请登录到运行 PostgreSQL 数据库的**主**节点(默认的 Omnibus 数据库名称为`gitlabhq_production` ):
```
sudo \
-u gitlab-psql /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/psql \
-h /var/opt/gitlab/postgresql gitlabhq_production
```
2. 然后创建只读用户:
```
-- NOTE: Use the password defined earlier
CREATE USER gitlab_geo_fdw WITH password 'mypassword';
GRANT CONNECT ON DATABASE gitlabhq_production to gitlab_geo_fdw;
GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA public TO gitlab_geo_fdw;
GRANT SELECT ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA public TO gitlab_geo_fdw;
GRANT SELECT ON ALL SEQUENCES IN SCHEMA public TO gitlab_geo_fdw;
-- Tables created by "gitlab" should be made read-only for "gitlab_geo_fdw"
-- automatically.
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES FOR USER gitlab IN SCHEMA public GRANT SELECT ON TABLES TO gitlab_geo_fdw;
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES FOR USER gitlab IN SCHEMA public GRANT SELECT ON SEQUENCES TO gitlab_geo_fdw;
```
3. 在**辅助**节点上,更改`/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` :
```
geo_postgresql['fdw_external_user'] = 'gitlab_geo_fdw'
```
4. 保存文件并重新配置 GitLab 以应用更改:
```
gitlab-ctl reconfigure
```
## Troubleshooting[](#troubleshooting "Permalink")
阅读[故障排除文档](troubleshooting.html) .
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