# Upgrading PostgreSQL for Auto DevOps
> 原文:[https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/topics/autodevops/upgrading_postgresql.html](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/topics/autodevops/upgrading_postgresql.html)
* [Prerequisites](#prerequisites)
* [Take your application offline](#take-your-application-offline)
* [Backup](#backup)
* [Retain persistent volumes](#retain-persistent-volumes)
* [Install new PostgreSQL](#install-new-postgresql)
* [Restore](#restore)
* [Reinstate your application](#reinstate-your-application)
# Upgrading PostgreSQL for Auto DevOps[](#upgrading-postgresql-for-auto-devops "Permalink")
Auto DevOps 为您的应用程序提供[集群内 PostgreSQL 数据库](customize.html#postgresql-database-support) .
用于配置 PostgreSQL 的图表的版本:
* 在 GitLab 12.8 及更早版本中为 0.7.1.
* 在 GitLab 12.9 及更高版本中可以设置为 0.7.1 至 8.2.1.
GitLab 鼓励用户将其数据库迁移到较新的 PostgreSQL 图表.
本指南提供有关如何迁移 PostgreSQL 数据库的说明,其中包括:
1. 对数据进行数据库转储.
2. 使用图表的较新版本 8.2.1 安装新的 PostgreSQL 数据库,并删除旧的 PostgreSQL 安装.
3. 将数据库转储还原到新的 PostgreSQL 中.
## Prerequisites[](#prerequisites "Permalink")
1. Install [`kubectl`](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/).
2. 确保您可以使用`kubectl`访问 Kubernetes 集群. 这取决于 Kubernetes 提供者.
3. 准备停机. 下面的步骤包括使应用程序脱机,以便在创建数据库转储后不修改集群内数据库.
4. 确保尚未将`POSTGRES_ENABLED`设置为`false` ,因为此设置将删除任何现有的通道 1 数据库. 有关更多信息,请参见[检测到现有的 PostgreSQL 数据库](index.html#detected-an-existing-postgresql-database) .
**提示:**如果已将 Auto DevOps 配置为具有暂存,请考虑先尝试暂存并还原备份和还原步骤,或者在审阅应用程序中尝试此步骤.
## Take your application offline[](#take-your-application-offline "Permalink")
如果需要,请使应用程序脱机,以防止在创建数据库转储后修改数据库.
1. 获取环境的 Kubernetes 命名空间. 它通常看起来像`<project-name>-<project-id>-<environment>` . 在我们的示例中,名称空间称为`minimal-ruby-app-4349298-production` .
```
$ kubectl get ns
NAME STATUS AGE
minimal-ruby-app-4349298-production Active 7d14h
```
2. 为了易于使用,请导出名称空间名称:
```
export APP_NAMESPACE=minimal-ruby-app-4349298-production
```
3. 使用以下命令获取应用程序的部署名称. 在我们的示例中,部署名称为`production` .
```
$ kubectl get deployment --namespace "$APP_NAMESPACE"
NAME READY UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE
production 2/2 2 2 7d21h
production-postgres 1/1 1 1 7d21h
```
4. 为了防止数据库被修改,请使用以下命令将副本的副本数设置为 0\. 我们使用上一步中的部署名称( `deployments/<DEPLOYMENT_NAME>` ).
```
$ kubectl scale --replicas=0 deployments/production --namespace "$APP_NAMESPACE"
deployment.extensions/production scaled
```
5. 如果有的话,还需要将 worker 的副本设置为零.
## Backup[](#backup "Permalink")
1. 获取 PostgreSQL 的服务名称. 服务的名称应以`-postgres` . 在我们的示例中,服务名称为`production-postgres` .
```
$ kubectl get svc --namespace "$APP_NAMESPACE"
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
production-auto-deploy ClusterIP 10.30.13.90 <none> 5000/TCP 7d14h
production-postgres ClusterIP 10.30.4.57 <none> 5432/TCP 7d14h
```
2. 使用以下命令获取 PostgreSQL 的 pod 名称. 在我们的示例中,吊舱名称为`production-postgres-5db86568d7-qxlxv` .
```
$ kubectl get pod --namespace "$APP_NAMESPACE" -l app=production-postgres
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
production-postgres-5db86568d7-qxlxv 1/1 Running 0 7d14h
```
3. 通过以下方式连接到吊舱:
```
kubectl exec -it production-postgres-5db86568d7-qxlxv --namespace "$APP_NAMESPACE" bash
```
4. 连接后,使用以下命令创建转储文件.
* `SERVICE_NAME`是在上一步中获得的服务名称.
* `USERNAME`是您为 PostgreSQL 配置的用户名. 默认值为`user` .
* `DATABASE_NAME`通常是环境名称.
* 系统将要求您输入数据库密码,默认`testing-password`是`testing-password` .
```
## Format is:
# pg_dump -h SERVICE_NAME -U USERNAME DATABASE_NAME > /tmp/backup.sql
pg_dump -h production-postgres -U user production > /tmp/backup.sql
```
5. 备份转储完成后,使用`Control-D` `exit` Kubernetes exec 进程或`exit` .
6. 使用以下命令下载转储文件:
```
kubectl cp --namespace "$APP_NAMESPACE" production-postgres-5db86568d7-qxlxv:/tmp/backup.sql backup.sql
```
## Retain persistent volumes[](#retain-persistent-volumes "Permalink")
默认情况下,当`Delete`使用该卷的 Pod 和 Pod 声明时,用于存储 PostgreSQL 基础数据的[持久卷](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/)将标记为`Delete` .
这很重要,因为当您选择使用较新的 8.2.1 PostgreSQL 时,会删除较旧的 0.7.1 PostgreSQL,从而导致永久卷也被删除.
您可以使用以下命令进行验证:
```
$ kubectl get pv
NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE
pvc-0da80c08-5239-11ea-9c8d-42010a8e0096 8Gi RWO Delete Bound minimal-ruby-app-4349298-staging/staging-postgres standard 7d22h
pvc-9085e3d3-5239-11ea-9c8d-42010a8e0096 8Gi RWO Delete Bound minimal-ruby-app-4349298-production/production-postgres standard 7d22h
```
为了保留持久卷,即使删除了较旧的 0.7.1 PostgreSQL,我们也可以将保留策略更改为`Retain` . 在此示例中,我们通过查看声明名称来找到持久卷名称. 由于我们有兴趣保留用于`minimal-ruby-app-4349298`应用程序的阶段和生产的卷,因此此处的卷名称为`pvc-0da80c08-5239-11ea-9c8d-42010a8e0096`和`pvc-9085e3d3-5239-11ea-9c8d-42010a8e0096` :
```
$ kubectl patch pv pvc-0da80c08-5239-11ea-9c8d-42010a8e0096 -p '{"spec":{"persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy":"Retain"}}'
persistentvolume/pvc-0da80c08-5239-11ea-9c8d-42010a8e0096 patched
$ kubectl patch pv pvc-9085e3d3-5239-11ea-9c8d-42010a8e0096 -p '{"spec":{"persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy":"Retain"}}'
persistentvolume/pvc-9085e3d3-5239-11ea-9c8d-42010a8e0096 patched
$ kubectl get pv
NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE
pvc-0da80c08-5239-11ea-9c8d-42010a8e0096 8Gi RWO Retain Bound minimal-ruby-app-4349298-staging/staging-postgres standard 7d22h
pvc-9085e3d3-5239-11ea-9c8d-42010a8e0096 8Gi RWO Retain Bound minimal-ruby-app-4349298-production/production-postgres standard 7d22h
```
## Install new PostgreSQL[](#install-new-postgresql "Permalink")
**注意:**使用较新版本的 PostgreSQL 将删除较旧的 0.7.1 PostgreSQL. 为了防止基础数据被删除,您可以选择保留[持久卷](#retain-persistent-volumes) .**提示:**您还可以将`AUTO_DEVOPS_POSTGRES_CHANNEL` , `AUTO_DEVOPS_POSTGRES_DELETE_V1`和`POSTGRES_VERSION`变量的[作用域](../../ci/environments/index.html#scoping-environments-with-specs)设置为特定环境,例如`staging` .
1. 将`AUTO_DEVOPS_POSTGRES_CHANNEL`设置为`2` . 选择使用较新的基于 8.2.1 的 PostgreSQL,并删除较旧的基于 0.7.1 的 PostgreSQL.
2. 将`AUTO_DEVOPS_POSTGRES_DELETE_V1`设置为非空值. 此标志是防止意外删除数据库的保护措施.
3. 将`POSTGRES_VERSION`设置为`11.7` . 这是支持的最低 PostgreSQL 版本.
4. 将`PRODUCTION_REPLICAS`设置为`0` . 对于其他环境, `REPLICAS`在[环境范围内](../../ci/environments/index.html#scoping-environments-with-specs)使用`REPLICAS` .
5. 如果已设置`DB_INITIALIZE`或`DB_MIGRATE`变量,请删除变量,或将变量临时重命名为`XDB_INITIALIZE`或`XDB_MIGRATE`以有效地禁用它们.
6. Run a new CI pipeline for the branch. In this case, we run a new CI pipeline for `master`.
7. 一旦管道成功,您的应用程序现在将安装新的 PostgreSQL 进行升级. 复制品也将为零,这意味着将不为您的应用程序提供任何流量(以防止新数据进入).
## Restore[](#restore "Permalink")
1. 获取新 PostgreSQL 的容器名称,在我们的示例中,容器名称为`production-postgresql-0` :
```
$ kubectl get pod --namespace "$APP_NAMESPACE" -l app=postgresql
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
production-postgresql-0 1/1 Running 0 19m
```
2. 将转储文件从备份步骤复制到 Pod:
```
kubectl cp --namespace "$APP_NAMESPACE" backup.sql production-postgresql-0:/tmp/backup.sql
```
3. 连接到吊舱:
```
kubectl exec -it production-postgresql-0 --namespace "$APP_NAMESPACE" bash
```
4. 连接到 Pod 后,运行以下命令来还原数据库.
* 系统将要求您输入数据库密码,默认`testing-password`是`testing-password` .
* `USERNAME`是您为 PostgreSQL 配置的用户名. 默认值为`user` .
* `DATABASE_NAME`通常是环境名称.
```
## Format is:
# psql -U USERNAME -d DATABASE_NAME < /tmp/backup.sql
psql -U user -d production < /tmp/backup.sql
```
5. 现在,您可以检查还原完成后是否已正确还原数据. 您可以使用`psql`对数据进行抽查.
## Reinstate your application[](#reinstate-your-application "Permalink")
对数据库已还原感到满意后,请运行以下步骤来恢复您的应用程序:
1. 如果先前已删除或禁用了`DB_INITIALIZE`和`DB_MIGRATE`变量,则将其还原.
2. 将`PRODUCTION_REPLICAS`或`REPLICAS`变量恢复为其原始值.
3. 为分支运行新的 CI 管道. 在这种情况下,我们为`master`运行新的 CI 管道. 管道成功后,您的应用程序应该像以前一样提供流量.
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