# Getting started with GitLab CI/CD
> 原文:[https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/quick_start/README.html](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/quick_start/README.html)
* [Creating a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file](#creating-a-gitlab-ciyml-file)
* [What is `.gitlab-ci.yml`](#what-is-gitlab-ciyml)
* [Creating a simple `.gitlab-ci.yml` file](#creating-a-simple-gitlab-ciyml-file)
* [Push `.gitlab-ci.yml` to GitLab](#push-gitlab-ciyml-to-gitlab)
* [Configuring a Runner](#configuring-a-runner)
* [Shared Runners](#shared-runners)
* [Seeing the status of your pipeline and jobs](#seeing-the-status-of-your-pipeline-and-jobs)
* [Examples](#examples)
# Getting started with GitLab CI/CD[](#getting-started-with-gitlab-cicd "Permalink")
**注意:**从 8.0 版开始,GitLab [持续集成](https://about.gitlab.com/stages-devops-lifecycle/continuous-integration/) (CI)已完全集成到 GitLab 本身,并且默认情况下在所有项目上都[启用](../enable_or_disable_ci.html) .**注意:**请记住,只有项目维护者和管理员用户有权访问项目的设置.**注意:**要从 Jenkins 转到 GitLab 吗? 查阅我们的[参考](../jenkins/index.html) ,将您先前存在的管道转换为我们的格式.**注意:**您可以考虑在项目中使用几种不同的[基本管道体系结构](../pipelines/pipeline_architectures.html) . 您可能需要在开始之前熟悉这些内容.
GitLab 提供[持续集成](https://about.gitlab.com/stages-devops-lifecycle/continuous-integration/)服务. 对于每次提交或推送以触发您的 CI [管道](../pipelines/index.html) ,您必须:
* Add a [`.gitlab-ci.yml` file](#creating-a-gitlab-ciyml-file) to your repository’s root directory.
* 确保将项目配置为使用[Runner](#configuring-a-runner) .
`.gitlab-ci.yml`文件告诉 GitLab Runner 做什么. 一个简单的管道通常包括三个[阶段](../yaml/README.html#stages) :
* `build`
* `test`
* `deploy`
您不需要使用所有三个阶段; 没有工作的阶段将被忽略.
管道显示在项目的**CI / CD>管道**页面下. 如果一切运行正常(没有非零返回值),您将获得与提交关联的绿色复选标记. 这样就可以轻松查看提交是否导致任何测试失败,甚至无需查看作业(测试)日志. 许多项目使用 GitLab 的 CI 服务来运行测试套件,因此如果开发人员遇到问题,他们会立即获得反馈.
通常,使用管道将经过测试的代码自动部署到登台和生产环境中.
* * *
本指南假定您具有:
* 8.0+或正在使用[GitLab.com 的](https://gitlab.com)有效 GitLab 实例.
* 您要在其中使用 CI 的 GitLab 中的项目.
* 维护者或所有者对项目的访问
让我们将其分解为 GitLab CI / CD 难题.
## Creating a `.gitlab-ci.yml` file[](#creating-a-gitlab-ciyml-file "Permalink")
在创建`.gitlab-ci.yml`之前,让我们首先简要地解释这是怎么回事.
### What is `.gitlab-ci.yml`[](#what-is-gitlab-ciyml "Permalink")
您可以在`.gitlab-ci.yml`文件中配置 CI 对项目的作用. 它位于存储库的根目录中.
在对存储库进行任何推送时,GitLab 都会查找`.gitlab-ci.yml`文件,并根据该文件的内容在*Runners*上启动作业,以进行提交.
由于`.gitlab-ci.yml`在存储库中并且受版本控制,因此旧版本仍然可以成功构建,fork 可以轻松使用 CI,分支可以具有不同的管道和作业,并且您拥有 CI 的唯一真实来源. 您可以[在我们的博客中](https://about.gitlab.com/blog/2015/05/06/why-were-replacing-gitlab-ci-jobs-with-gitlab-ci-dot-yml/)阅读更多有关为什么使用`.gitlab-ci.yml`的原因.
### Creating a simple `.gitlab-ci.yml` file[](#creating-a-simple-gitlab-ciyml-file "Permalink")
> **注意:** `.gitlab-ci.yml`是一个[YAML](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YAML)文件,因此您必须特别注意缩进. 始终使用空格,不要使用制表符.
您需要在存储库的根目录中创建一个名为`.gitlab-ci.yml`的文件. 以下是 Ruby on Rails 项目的示例.
```
image: "ruby:2.5"
before_script:
- apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y -qq sqlite3 libsqlite3-dev nodejs
- ruby -v
- which ruby
- gem install bundler --no-document
- bundle install --jobs $(nproc) "${FLAGS[@]}"
rspec:
script:
- bundle exec rspec
rubocop:
script:
- bundle exec rubocop
```
This is the simplest possible configuration that will work for most Ruby applications:
1. 用要执行的不同命令定义两个作业`rspec`和`rubocop` (名称是任意的).
2. 在执行每个作业之前,将执行`before_script`定义的命令.
`.gitlab-ci.yml`文件定义了作业集,并限制了作业的运行方式和时间. 作业被定义为具有名称的顶级元素(在我们的示例中为`rspec`和`rubocop` ),并且始终必须包含`script`关键字. 乔布斯被用于创造就业机会,然后由挑选[运动员](../runners/README.html)和跑步者的环境中执行.
重要的是每个作业都彼此独立运行.
如果要检查项目的`.gitlab-ci.yml`是否有效,则项目名称空间的`/-/ci/lint`页下有一个 Lint 工具. 您也可以在项目的**CI / CD➔管道**和**管道➔作业**下找到" CI Lint"按钮以转到此页面.
有关更多信息和完整的`.gitlab-ci.yml`语法,请阅读[`.gitlab-ci.yml`上的参考文档](../yaml/README.html) .
### Push `.gitlab-ci.yml` to GitLab[](#push-gitlab-ciyml-to-gitlab "Permalink")
创建`.gitlab-ci.yml` ,应将其添加到 Git 存储库中并将其推送到 GitLab.
```
git add .gitlab-ci.yml
git commit -m "Add .gitlab-ci.yml"
git push origin master
```
现在,如果您转到" **管道"**页面,您将看到管道处于挂起状态.
**注意:**如果您有一个[从 GitLab 提取镜像的存储库](../../user/project/repository/repository_mirroring.html#pulling-from-a-remote-repository-starter) ,则可能需要在项目的**"设置">"存储库">"从远程存储库中提取">"触发管道以进行镜像更新"中**启用管道触发.
您也可以转到" **提交"**页面,注意提交 SHA 旁边的小暂停图标.
[![New commit pending](https://img.kancloud.cn/d6/d8/d6d8f9854e951bf6a9170fc7dff494bd_764x102.png)](img/new_commit.png)
单击它,您将被定向到该特定提交的作业页面.
[![Single commit jobs page](https://img.kancloud.cn/81/c6/81c60ef1cf638b798cfcbb40d03b4b1b_1264x386.png)](img/single_commit_status_pending.png)
注意,有一个待处理的作业以我们在`.gitlab-ci.yml`编写的`.gitlab-ci.yml` . "卡住"表示尚未为此作业配置任何运行器.
下一步是配置运行器,以便它选择挂起的作业.
## Configuring a Runner[](#configuring-a-runner "Permalink")
在 GitLab 中,Runners 运行您在`.gitlab-ci.yml`定义的作业. Runner 可以是虚拟机,VPS,裸机,Docker 容器甚至是容器集群. GitLab 和 Runners 通过 API 进行通信,因此唯一的要求是 Runner 的计算机具有对 GitLab 服务器的网络访问权限.
Runner 可以特定于某个项目,也可以在 GitLab 中服务多个项目. 如果它服务于所有项目,则称为*Shared Runner* .
在" [跑步者"](../runners/README.html)文档中查找有关不同跑步者的更多信息.
您可以通过转到**设置➔CI / CD**来查找是否将任何跑步者分配给您的项目. 设置 Runner 既简单又直接. GitLab 支持的官方 Runner 是用 Go 编写的,其文档可以在[https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/中](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/)找到.
为了拥有功能正常的 Runner,您需要执行以下两个步骤:
1. [Install it](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/install/)
2. [Configure it](https://docs.gitlab.com/runner/configuration/)
请按照上面的链接设置您自己的 Runner 或使用下一节所述的 Shared Runner.
设置 Runner 之后,您应该在**设置➔CI / CD**后面的项目的 Runners 页面上看到它.
[![Activated runners](https://img.kancloud.cn/ab/93/ab93d24f99dee31b671345213865f2d0_1728x1240.png)](img/runners_activated.png)
### Shared Runners[](#shared-runners "Permalink")
如果使用[GitLab.com](https://gitlab.com/) ,则可以使用 GitLab Inc.提供的**共享运行程序** .
这些是在 GitLab 基础架构上运行的特殊虚拟机,可以构建任何项目.
要启用**共享运行程序,**您必须转到项目的**设置➔CI / CD** ,然后单击**启用共享运行程序** .
[Read more on Shared Runners](../runners/README.html).
## Seeing the status of your pipeline and jobs[](#seeing-the-status-of-your-pipeline-and-jobs "Permalink")
成功配置 Runner 之后,您应该看到上一次提交的状态从" *未决"*更改为" *正在* *运行"* ," *成功"*或" *失败"* .
您可以转到项目中的" **管道"**页面来查看所有管道.
[![Commit status](https://img.kancloud.cn/d1/95/d195986d01878d87d8b88b93c928e8d5_2296x734.png)](img/pipelines_status.png)
或者,您可以转到" **管道➔作业"**页面查看所有作业.
[![Commit status](https://img.kancloud.cn/b2/fa/b2fa43919cc79cc75d5fa469818ecea0_2300x547.png)](img/builds_status.png)
通过单击作业的状态,您将能够看到该作业的日志. 这对于诊断工作为什么失败或行为与您预期的不同很重要.
[![Build log](https://img.kancloud.cn/fb/ee/fbeef7fa796067bf2c3e5f9ad3dddf74_2458x1350.png)](img/build_log.png)
您还可以在 GitLab 的各个页面中查看任何提交的状态,例如**提交**和**合并请求** .
## Examples[](#examples "Permalink")
请访问[示例自述文件](../examples/README.html)以查看使用各种语言的 GitLab CI 的示例列表.
- GitLab Docs
- Installation
- Requirements
- GitLab cloud native Helm Chart
- Install GitLab with Docker
- Installation from source
- Install GitLab on Microsoft Azure
- Installing GitLab on Google Cloud Platform
- Installing GitLab on Amazon Web Services (AWS)
- Analytics
- Code Review Analytics
- Productivity Analytics
- Value Stream Analytics
- Kubernetes clusters
- Adding and removing Kubernetes clusters
- Adding EKS clusters
- Adding GKE clusters
- Group-level Kubernetes clusters
- Instance-level Kubernetes clusters
- Canary Deployments
- Cluster Environments
- Deploy Boards
- GitLab Managed Apps
- Crossplane configuration
- Cluster management project (alpha)
- Kubernetes Logs
- Runbooks
- Serverless
- Deploying AWS Lambda function using GitLab CI/CD
- Securing your deployed applications
- Groups
- Contribution Analytics
- Custom group-level project templates
- Epics
- Manage epics
- Group Import/Export
- Insights
- Issues Analytics
- Iterations
- Public access
- SAML SSO for GitLab.com groups
- SCIM provisioning using SAML SSO for GitLab.com groups
- Subgroups
- Roadmap
- Projects
- GitLab Secure
- Security Configuration
- Container Scanning
- Dependency Scanning
- Dependency List
- Static Application Security Testing (SAST)
- Secret Detection
- Dynamic Application Security Testing (DAST)
- GitLab Security Dashboard
- Offline environments
- Standalone Vulnerability pages
- Security scanner integration
- Badges
- Bulk editing issues and merge requests at the project level
- Code Owners
- Compliance
- License Compliance
- Compliance Dashboard
- Create a project
- Description templates
- Deploy Keys
- Deploy Tokens
- File finder
- Project integrations
- Integrations
- Atlassian Bamboo CI Service
- Bugzilla Service
- Custom Issue Tracker service
- Discord Notifications service
- Enabling emails on push
- GitHub project integration
- Hangouts Chat service
- Atlassian HipChat
- Irker IRC Gateway
- GitLab Jira integration
- Mattermost Notifications Service
- Mattermost slash commands
- Microsoft Teams service
- Mock CI Service
- Prometheus integration
- Redmine Service
- Slack Notifications Service
- Slack slash commands
- GitLab Slack application
- Webhooks
- YouTrack Service
- Insights
- Issues
- Crosslinking Issues
- Design Management
- Confidential issues
- Due dates
- Issue Boards
- Issue Data and Actions
- Labels
- Managing issues
- Milestones
- Multiple Assignees for Issues
- Related issues
- Service Desk
- Sorting and ordering issue lists
- Issue weight
- Associate a Zoom meeting with an issue
- Merge requests
- Allow collaboration on merge requests across forks
- Merge Request Approvals
- Browser Performance Testing
- How to create a merge request
- Cherry-pick changes
- Code Quality
- Load Performance Testing
- Merge Request dependencies
- Fast-forward merge requests
- Merge when pipeline succeeds
- Merge request conflict resolution
- Reverting changes
- Reviewing and managing merge requests
- Squash and merge
- Merge requests versions
- Draft merge requests
- Members of a project
- Migrating projects to a GitLab instance
- Import your project from Bitbucket Cloud to GitLab
- Import your project from Bitbucket Server to GitLab
- Migrating from ClearCase
- Migrating from CVS
- Import your project from FogBugz to GitLab
- Gemnasium
- Import your project from GitHub to GitLab
- Project importing from GitLab.com to your private GitLab instance
- Import your project from Gitea to GitLab
- Import your Jira project issues to GitLab
- Migrating from Perforce Helix
- Import Phabricator tasks into a GitLab project
- Import multiple repositories by uploading a manifest file
- Import project from repo by URL
- Migrating from SVN to GitLab
- Migrating from TFVC to Git
- Push Options
- Releases
- Repository
- Branches
- Git Attributes
- File Locking
- Git file blame
- Git file history
- Repository mirroring
- Protected branches
- Protected tags
- Push Rules
- Reduce repository size
- Signing commits with GPG
- Syntax Highlighting
- GitLab Web Editor
- Web IDE
- Requirements Management
- Project settings
- Project import/export
- Project access tokens (Alpha)
- Share Projects with other Groups
- Snippets
- Static Site Editor
- Wiki
- Project operations
- Monitor metrics for your CI/CD environment
- Set up alerts for Prometheus metrics
- Embedding metric charts within GitLab-flavored Markdown
- Embedding Grafana charts
- Using the Metrics Dashboard
- Dashboard YAML properties
- Metrics dashboard settings
- Panel types for dashboards
- Using Variables
- Templating variables for metrics dashboards
- Prometheus Metrics library
- Monitoring AWS Resources
- Monitoring HAProxy
- Monitoring Kubernetes
- Monitoring NGINX
- Monitoring NGINX Ingress Controller
- Monitoring NGINX Ingress Controller with VTS metrics
- Alert Management
- Error Tracking
- Tracing
- Incident Management
- GitLab Status Page
- Feature Flags
- GitLab CI/CD
- GitLab CI/CD pipeline configuration reference
- GitLab CI/CD include examples
- Introduction to CI/CD with GitLab
- Getting started with GitLab CI/CD
- How to enable or disable GitLab CI/CD
- Using SSH keys with GitLab CI/CD
- Migrating from CircleCI
- Migrating from Jenkins
- Auto DevOps
- Getting started with Auto DevOps
- Requirements for Auto DevOps
- Customizing Auto DevOps
- Stages of Auto DevOps
- Upgrading PostgreSQL for Auto DevOps
- Cache dependencies in GitLab CI/CD
- GitLab ChatOps
- Cloud deployment
- Docker integration
- Building Docker images with GitLab CI/CD
- Using Docker images
- Building images with kaniko and GitLab CI/CD
- GitLab CI/CD environment variables
- Predefined environment variables reference
- Where variables can be used
- Deprecated GitLab CI/CD variables
- Environments and deployments
- Protected Environments
- GitLab CI/CD Examples
- Test a Clojure application with GitLab CI/CD
- Using Dpl as deployment tool
- Testing a Phoenix application with GitLab CI/CD
- End-to-end testing with GitLab CI/CD and WebdriverIO
- DevOps and Game Dev with GitLab CI/CD
- Deploy a Spring Boot application to Cloud Foundry with GitLab CI/CD
- How to deploy Maven projects to Artifactory with GitLab CI/CD
- Testing PHP projects
- Running Composer and NPM scripts with deployment via SCP in GitLab CI/CD
- Test and deploy Laravel applications with GitLab CI/CD and Envoy
- Test and deploy a Python application with GitLab CI/CD
- Test and deploy a Ruby application with GitLab CI/CD
- Test and deploy a Scala application to Heroku
- GitLab CI/CD for external repositories
- Using GitLab CI/CD with a Bitbucket Cloud repository
- Using GitLab CI/CD with a GitHub repository
- GitLab Pages
- GitLab Pages
- GitLab Pages domain names, URLs, and baseurls
- Create a GitLab Pages website from scratch
- Custom domains and SSL/TLS Certificates
- GitLab Pages integration with Let's Encrypt
- GitLab Pages Access Control
- Exploring GitLab Pages
- Incremental Rollouts with GitLab CI/CD
- Interactive Web Terminals
- Optimizing GitLab for large repositories
- Metrics Reports
- CI/CD pipelines
- Pipeline Architecture
- Directed Acyclic Graph
- Multi-project pipelines
- Parent-child pipelines
- Pipelines for Merge Requests
- Pipelines for Merged Results
- Merge Trains
- Job artifacts
- Pipeline schedules
- Pipeline settings
- Triggering pipelines through the API
- Review Apps
- Configuring GitLab Runners
- GitLab CI services examples
- Using MySQL
- Using PostgreSQL
- Using Redis
- Troubleshooting CI/CD
- GitLab Package Registry
- GitLab Container Registry
- Dependency Proxy
- GitLab Composer Repository
- GitLab Conan Repository
- GitLab Maven Repository
- GitLab NPM Registry
- GitLab NuGet Repository
- GitLab PyPi Repository
- API Docs
- API resources
- .gitignore API
- GitLab CI YMLs API
- Group and project access requests API
- Appearance API
- Applications API
- Audit Events API
- Avatar API
- Award Emoji API
- Project badges API
- Group badges API
- Branches API
- Broadcast Messages API
- Project clusters API
- Group clusters API
- Instance clusters API
- Commits API
- Container Registry API
- Custom Attributes API
- Dashboard annotations API
- Dependencies API
- Deploy Keys API
- Deployments API
- Discussions API
- Dockerfiles API
- Environments API
- Epics API
- Events
- Feature Flags API
- Feature flag user lists API
- Freeze Periods API
- Geo Nodes API
- Group Activity Analytics API
- Groups API
- Import API
- Issue Boards API
- Group Issue Boards API
- Issues API
- Epic Issues API
- Issues Statistics API
- Jobs API
- Keys API
- Labels API
- Group Labels API
- License
- Licenses API
- Issue links API
- Epic Links API
- Managed Licenses API
- Markdown API
- Group and project members API
- Merge request approvals API
- Merge requests API
- Project milestones API
- Group milestones API
- Namespaces API
- Notes API
- Notification settings API
- Packages API
- Pages domains API
- Pipeline schedules API
- Pipeline triggers API
- Pipelines API
- Project Aliases API
- Project import/export API
- Project repository storage moves API
- Project statistics API
- Project templates API
- Projects API
- Protected branches API
- Protected tags API
- Releases API
- Release links API
- Repositories API
- Repository files API
- Repository submodules API
- Resource label events API
- Resource milestone events API
- Resource weight events API
- Runners API
- SCIM API
- Search API
- Services API
- Application settings API
- Sidekiq Metrics API
- Snippets API
- Project snippets
- Application statistics API
- Suggest Changes API
- System hooks API
- Tags API
- Todos API
- Users API
- Project-level Variables API
- Group-level Variables API
- Version API
- Vulnerabilities API
- Vulnerability Findings API
- Wikis API
- GraphQL API
- Getting started with GitLab GraphQL API
- GraphQL API Resources
- API V3 to API V4
- Validate the .gitlab-ci.yml (API)
- User Docs
- Abuse reports
- User account
- Active sessions
- Deleting a User account
- Permissions
- Personal access tokens
- Profile preferences
- Threads
- GitLab and SSH keys
- GitLab integrations
- Git
- GitLab.com settings
- Infrastructure as code with Terraform and GitLab
- GitLab keyboard shortcuts
- GitLab Markdown
- AsciiDoc
- GitLab Notification Emails
- GitLab Quick Actions
- Autocomplete characters
- Reserved project and group names
- Search through GitLab
- Advanced Global Search
- Advanced Syntax Search
- Time Tracking
- GitLab To-Do List
- Administrator Docs
- Reference architectures
- Reference architecture: up to 1,000 users
- Reference architecture: up to 2,000 users
- Reference architecture: up to 3,000 users
- Reference architecture: up to 5,000 users
- Reference architecture: up to 10,000 users
- Reference architecture: up to 25,000 users
- Reference architecture: up to 50,000 users
- Troubleshooting a reference architecture set up
- Working with the bundled Consul service
- Configuring PostgreSQL for scaling
- Configuring GitLab application (Rails)
- Load Balancer for multi-node GitLab
- Configuring a Monitoring node for Scaling and High Availability
- NFS
- Working with the bundled PgBouncer service
- Configuring Redis for scaling
- Configuring Sidekiq
- Admin Area settings
- Continuous Integration and Deployment Admin settings
- Custom instance-level project templates
- Diff limits administration
- Enable and disable GitLab features deployed behind feature flags
- Geo nodes Admin Area
- GitLab Pages administration
- Health Check
- Job logs
- Labels administration
- Log system
- PlantUML & GitLab
- Repository checks
- Repository storage paths
- Repository storage types
- Account and limit settings
- Service templates
- System hooks
- Changing your time zone
- Uploads administration
- Abuse reports
- Activating and deactivating users
- Audit Events
- Blocking and unblocking users
- Broadcast Messages
- Elasticsearch integration
- Gitaly
- Gitaly Cluster
- Gitaly reference
- Monitoring GitLab
- Monitoring GitLab with Prometheus
- Performance Bar
- Usage statistics
- Object Storage
- Performing Operations in GitLab
- Cleaning up stale Redis sessions
- Fast lookup of authorized SSH keys in the database
- Filesystem Performance Benchmarking
- Moving repositories managed by GitLab
- Run multiple Sidekiq processes
- Sidekiq MemoryKiller
- Switching to Puma
- Understanding Unicorn and unicorn-worker-killer
- User lookup via OpenSSH's AuthorizedPrincipalsCommand
- GitLab Package Registry administration
- GitLab Container Registry administration
- Replication (Geo)
- Geo database replication
- Geo with external PostgreSQL instances
- Geo configuration
- Using a Geo Server
- Updating the Geo nodes
- Geo with Object storage
- Docker Registry for a secondary node
- Geo for multiple nodes
- Geo security review (Q&A)
- Location-aware Git remote URL with AWS Route53
- Tuning Geo
- Removing secondary Geo nodes
- Geo data types support
- Geo Frequently Asked Questions
- Geo Troubleshooting
- Geo validation tests
- Disaster Recovery (Geo)
- Disaster recovery for planned failover
- Bring a demoted primary node back online
- Automatic background verification
- Rake tasks
- Back up and restore GitLab
- Clean up
- Namespaces
- Maintenance Rake tasks
- Geo Rake Tasks
- GitHub import
- Import bare repositories
- Integrity check Rake task
- LDAP Rake tasks
- Listing repository directories
- Praefect Rake tasks
- Project import/export administration
- Repository storage Rake tasks
- Generate sample Prometheus data
- Uploads migrate Rake tasks
- Uploads sanitize Rake tasks
- User management
- Webhooks administration
- X.509 signatures
- Server hooks
- Static objects external storage
- Updating GitLab
- GitLab release and maintenance policy
- Security
- Password Storage
- Custom password length limits
- Restrict allowed SSH key technologies and minimum length
- Rate limits
- Webhooks and insecure internal web services
- Information exclusivity
- How to reset your root password
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