# JavaScript style guide
> 原文:[https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/development/fe_guide/style/javascript.html](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/development/fe_guide/style/javascript.html)
* [Avoid forEach](#avoid-foreach)
* [Limit number of parameters](#limit-number-of-parameters)
* [Avoid classes to handle DOM events](#avoid-classes-to-handle-dom-events)
* [Pass element container to constructor](#pass-element-container-to-constructor)
* [Use ParseInt](#use-parseint)
* [CSS Selectors - Use `js-` prefix](#css-selectors---use-js--prefix)
* [ES Module Syntax](#es-module-syntax)
* [Absolute vs relative paths for modules](#absolute-vs-relative-paths-for-modules)
* [Do not use `DOMContentLoaded` in non-page modules](#do-not-use-domcontentloaded-in-non-page-modules)
* [Avoid XSS](#avoid-xss)
* [Avoid single-line conditional statements](#avoid-single-line-conditional-statements)
* [ESLint](#eslint)
* [IIFEs](#iifes)
* [Global namespace](#global-namespace)
* [Side effects](#side-effects)
* [Top-level side effects](#top-level-side-effects)
* [Avoid side effects in constructors](#avoid-side-effects-in-constructors)
* [Pure Functions and Data Mutation](#pure-functions-and-data-mutation)
# JavaScript style guide[](#javascript-style-guide "Permalink")
我们使用[Airbnb 的 JavaScript 样式指南](https://github.com/airbnb/javascript)及其附带的 linter 来管理我们的大多数 JavaScript 样式指南.
除了由 Airbnb 设置的样式准则之外,我们还列出了以下一些特定规则.
> **提示:**您可以通过运行`yarn eslint`在本地运行`yarn eslint`
## Avoid forEach[](#avoid-foreach "Permalink")
变异数据时避免 forEach. 更改数据时,请使用`map` , `reduce`或`filter`而不是`forEach` . 这样可以最大程度地减少功能上的变化,从而与[Airbnb 的风格指南](https://github.com/airbnb/javascript#testing--for-real)保持一致.
```
// bad
users.forEach((user, index) => {
user.id = index;
});
// good
const usersWithId = users.map((user, index) => {
return Object.assign({}, user, { id: index });
});
```
## Limit number of parameters[](#limit-number-of-parameters "Permalink")
如果您的函数或方法具有三个以上的参数,请改为使用对象作为参数.
```
// bad
function a(p1, p2, p3) {
// ...
};
// good
function a(p) {
// ...
};
```
## Avoid classes to handle DOM events[](#avoid-classes-to-handle-dom-events "Permalink")
如果该类的唯一目的是绑定 DOM 事件并处理回调,则最好使用函数.
```
// bad
class myClass {
constructor(config) {
this.config = config;
}
init() {
document.addEventListener('click', () => {});
}
}
// good
const myFunction = () => {
document.addEventListener('click', () => {
// handle callback here
});
}
```
## Pass element container to constructor[](#pass-element-container-to-constructor "Permalink")
当您的类操作 DOM 时,将元素容器作为参数接收. 这样更易于维护和执行.
```
// bad
class a {
constructor() {
document.querySelector('.b');
}
}
// good
class a {
constructor(options) {
options.container.querySelector('.b');
}
}
```
## Use ParseInt[](#use-parseint "Permalink")
将数字字符串转换为数字时,请使用`ParseInt` .
```
// bad
Number('10')
// good
parseInt('10', 10);
```
## CSS Selectors - Use `js-` prefix[](#css-selectors---use-js--prefix "Permalink")
如果仅在 JavaScript 中使用 CSS 类作为对元素的引用,则使用`js-`作为类名的前缀.
```
// bad
<button class="add-user"></button>
// good
<button class="js-add-user"></button>
```
## ES Module Syntax[](#es-module-syntax "Permalink")
使用 ES 模块语法导入模块:
```
// bad
const SomeClass = require('some_class');
// good
import SomeClass from 'some_class';
// bad
module.exports = SomeClass;
// good
export default SomeClass;
```
*注意:*我们仍然在`scripts/`和`config/`文件中使用`require` .
## Absolute vs relative paths for modules[](#absolute-vs-relative-paths-for-modules "Permalink")
如果要导入的模块少于两个级别,请使用相对路径.
```
// bad
import GitLabStyleGuide from '~/guides/GitLabStyleGuide';
// good
import GitLabStyleGuide from '../GitLabStyleGuide';
```
如果要导入的模块为两个或两个以上级别,请改用绝对路径:
```
// bad
import GitLabStyleGuide from '../../../guides/GitLabStyleGuide';
// good
import GitLabStyleGuide from '~/GitLabStyleGuide';
```
Additionally, **不添加到全局名称空间**.
## Do not use `DOMContentLoaded` in non-page modules[](#do-not-use-domcontentloaded-in-non-page-modules "Permalink")
导入的模块每次加载时都应发挥相同的作用. `DOMContentLoaded`事件仅允许在`/pages/*`目录中加载的模块上使用,因为这些事件是通过 webpack 动态加载的.
## Avoid XSS[](#avoid-xss "Permalink")
不要使用`innerHTML` , `append()`或`html()`设置内容. 它打开了太多的漏洞.
## Avoid single-line conditional statements[](#avoid-single-line-conditional-statements "Permalink")
缩进在扫描代码时很重要,因为它可以快速指示分支,循环和返回点的存在. 这可以帮助快速了解控制流程.
```
// bad
if (isThingNull) return '';
if (isThingNull)
return '';
// good
if (isThingNull) {
return '';
}
```
## ESLint[](#eslint "Permalink")
ESLint 行为可以在我们的[工具指南中](../tooling.html)找到.
## IIFEs[](#iifes "Permalink")
避免使用 IIFE(立即调用函数表达式). 尽管我们有很多将其内容包装在 IIFE 中的文件示例,但是从 Sprockets 过渡到 Webpack 之后,这不再是必需的. 重构遗留代码时,请不要再使用它们,并随时将其删除.
## Global namespace[](#global-namespace "Permalink")
避免添加到全局名称空间.
```
// bad
window.MyClass = class { /* ... */ };
// good
export default class MyClass { /* ... */ }
```
## Side effects[](#side-effects "Permalink")
### Top-level side effects[](#top-level-side-effects "Permalink")
在任何包含`export`脚本中都禁止顶级副作用:
```
// bad
export default class MyClass { /* ... */ }
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function(event) {
new MyClass();
}
```
### Avoid side effects in constructors[](#avoid-side-effects-in-constructors "Permalink")
避免在`constructor`进行异步调用,API 请求或 DOM 操作. 而是将它们移动到单独的函数中. 这将使测试更易于编写,并且避免违反[单一职责原则](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_responsibility_principle) .
```
// bad
class myClass {
constructor(config) {
this.config = config;
axios.get(this.config.endpoint)
}
}
// good
class myClass {
constructor(config) {
this.config = config;
}
makeRequest() {
axios.get(this.config.endpoint)
}
}
const instance = new myClass();
instance.makeRequest();
```
## Pure Functions and Data Mutation[](#pure-functions-and-data-mutation "Permalink")
努力编写许多小的纯函数,并尽量减少发生突变的地方
```
// bad
const values = {foo: 1};
function impureFunction(items) {
const bar = 1;
items.foo = items.a * bar + 2;
return items.a;
}
const c = impureFunction(values);
// good
var values = {foo: 1};
function pureFunction (foo) {
var bar = 1;
foo = foo * bar + 2;
return foo;
}
var c = pureFunction(values.foo);
```
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