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# 下一个更大的元素 > 原文: [https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/next-greater-element/](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/next-greater-element/) 给定一个数组,为每个元素打印下一更大元素(NGE)。 元素`x`的下一个更大元素是数组`x`中右侧第一个更大的元素。 对于不存在更大元素的元素,请将下一个更大元素视为 -1。 **示例**: 1. 对于任何数组,最右边的元素始终将下一个更大的元素设为 -1。 2. 对于以降序排列的数组,所有元素的下一个更大元素为 -1。 3. 对于输入数组`[4, 5, 2, 25]`,每个元素的下一个更大元素如下。 ``` Element NGE 4 --> 5 5 --> 25 2 --> 25 25 --> -1 ``` **d)**对于输入数组`[13, 7, 6, 12]`,每个元素的下一个更大元素如下。 ``` Element NGE 13 --> -1 7 --> 12 6 --> 12 12 --> -1 ``` **方法 1(简单)** 使用两个循环:外循环一个接一个地选取所有元素。 内循环为外循环选取的元素寻找第一个更大的元素。 如果找到更大的元素,则该元素将作为下一个被打印,否则将打印 -1。 ## C++ ```cpp // Simple C++ program to print // next greater elements in a // given array #include<iostream> using namespace std; /* prints element and NGE pair  for all elements of arr[] of size n */ void printNGE(int arr[], int n) {     int next, i, j;     for (i = 0; i < n; i++)     {         next = -1;         for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++)         {             if (arr[i] < arr[j])             {                 next = arr[j];                 break;             }         }         cout << arr[i] << " -- "               << next << endl;     } } // Driver Code int main() {     int arr[] = {11, 13, 21, 3};     int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);     printNGE(arr, n);     return 0; } // This code is contributed  // by Akanksha Rai(Abby_akku) ``` ## C ``` // Simple C program to print next greater elements // in a given array #include<stdio.h> /* prints element and NGE pair for all elements of arr[] of size n */ void printNGE(int arr[], int n) {     int next, i, j;     for (i=0; i<n; i++)     {         next = -1;         for (j = i+1; j<n; j++)         {             if (arr[i] < arr[j])             {                 next = arr[j];                 break;             }         }         printf("%d -- %dn", arr[i], next);     } } int main() {     int arr[]= {11, 13, 21, 3};     int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);     printNGE(arr, n);     return 0; } ``` ## Java ```java // Simple Java program to print next  // greater elements in a given array class Main {      /* prints element and NGE pair for       all elements of arr[] of size n */     static void printNGE(int arr[], int n)     {         int next, i, j;         for (i=0; i<n; i++)         {             next = -1;             for (j = i+1; j<n; j++)             {                 if (arr[i] < arr[j])                 {                     next = arr[j];                     break;                 }             }             System.out.println(arr[i]+" -- "+next);         }     }     public static void main(String args[])     {         int arr[]= {11, 13, 21, 3};         int n = arr.length;         printNGE(arr, n);     } } ``` ## Python ``` # Function to print element and NGE pair for all elements of list def printNGE(arr):     for i in range(0, len(arr), 1):         next = -1         for j in range(i+1, len(arr), 1):             if arr[i] < arr[j]:                 next = arr[j]                 break         print(str(arr[i]) + " -- " + str(next)) # Driver program to test above function arr = [11,13,21,3] printNGE(arr) # This code is contributed by Sunny Karira ``` ## C# ```cs // Simple C# program to print next  // greater elements in a given array using System; class GFG {     /* prints element and NGE pair for      all elements of arr[] of size n */     static void printNGE(int []arr, int n)     {         int next, i, j;         for (i = 0; i < n; i++)         {             next = -1;             for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++)             {                 if (arr[i] < arr[j])                 {                     next = arr[j];                     break;                 }             }             Console.WriteLine(arr[i] + " -- " + next);         }     }     // driver code     public static void Main()     {         int []arr= {11, 13, 21, 3};         int n = arr.Length;         printNGE(arr, n);     } } // This code is contributed by Sam007 ``` ## PHP ```php <?php // Simple PHP program to print next // greater elements in a given array /* prints element and NGE pair for     all elements of arr[] of size n */ function printNGE($arr, $n) {     for ($i = 0; $i < $n; $i++)     {         $next = -1;         for ($j = $i + 1; $j < $n; $j++)         {             if ($arr[$i] < $arr[$j])             {                 $next = $arr[$j];                 break;             }         }         echo $arr[$i]." -- ". $next."\n";     } }     // Driver Code     $arr= array(11, 13, 21, 3);     $n = count($arr);     printNGE($arr, $n); // This code is contributed by Sam007 ?> ``` **输出**: ``` 11 -- 13 13 -- 21 21 -- -1 3 -- -1 ``` **时间复杂度**:`O(n ^ 2)`。 当所有元素以降序排序时,会发生最坏的情况。 **方法 2(使用堆栈)** * 将第一个元素推入堆栈。 * 一个接一个地选取其余元素,然后循环执行以下步骤。 1. 在之后标记当前元素为。 2. 如果堆栈不为空,则将堆栈的顶部元素与`next`比较。 3. 如果`next`大于顶部元素,则从堆栈中弹出元素。 `next`是弹出元素的下一个更大元素。 4. 当弹出的元素小于之后的*时,继续从堆栈中弹出。 `next`成为所有此类弹出元素的下一个更大元素 * 最后,将下一个推入堆栈。 * 步骤 2 中的循环结束后,从堆栈中弹出所有元素,并将-1 打印为它们的下一个元素。 下图是上述方法的模拟: ![](https://img.kancloud.cn/ef/80/ef80caab85308a80d0f4261a8fc95a1a_1161x1253.png) 下面是上述方法的实现: ## C++ ``` // A Stack based C++ program to find next // greater element for all array elements. #include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; /* prints element and NGE pair for all elements of arr[] of size n */ void printNGE(int arr[], int n) {   stack < int > s;   /* push the first element to stack */   s.push(arr[0]);   // iterate for rest of the elements   for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {     if (s.empty()) {       s.push(arr[i]);       continue;     }     /* if stack is not empty, then        pop an element from stack.        If the popped element is smaller        than next, then     a) print the pair     b) keep popping while elements are     smaller and stack is not empty */     while (s.empty() == false && s.top() < arr[i])     {                  cout << s.top() << " --> " << arr[i] << endl;         s.pop();     }     /* push next to stack so that we can find     next greater for it */     s.push(arr[i]);   }   /* After iterating over the loop, the remaining   elements in stack do not have the next greater   element, so print -1 for them */   while (s.empty() == false) {     cout << s.top() << " --> " << -1 << endl;     s.pop();   } } /* Driver program to test above functions */ int main() {   int arr[] = {11, 13, 21, 3};   int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);   printNGE(arr, n);   return 0; } ``` ## C ``` // A Stack based C program to find next greater element // for all array elements. #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<stdbool.h> #define STACKSIZE 100 // stack structure struct stack {     int top;     int items[STACKSIZE]; }; // Stack Functions to be used by printNGE() void push(struct stack *ps, int x) {     if (ps->top == STACKSIZE-1)     {         printf("Error: stack overflown");         getchar();         exit(0);     }     else     {         ps->top += 1;         int top = ps->top;         ps->items [top] = x;     } } bool isEmpty(struct stack *ps) {     return (ps->top == -1)? true : false; } int pop(struct stack *ps) {     int temp;     if (ps->top == -1)     {         printf("Error: stack underflow n");         getchar();         exit(0);     }     else     {         int top = ps->top;         temp = ps->items [top];         ps->top -= 1;         return temp;     } } /* prints element and NGE pair for all elements of arr[] of size n */ void printNGE(int arr[], int n) {     int i = 0;     struct stack s;     s.top = -1;     int element, next;     /* push the first element to stack */     push(&s, arr[0]);     // iterate for rest of the elements     for (i=1; i<n; i++)     {         next = arr[i];         if (isEmpty(&s) == false)         {             // if stack is not empty, then pop an element from stack             element = pop(&s);             /* If the popped element is smaller than next, then                 a) print the pair                 b) keep popping while elements are smaller and                 stack is not empty */             while (element < next)             {                 printf("n %d --> %d", element, next);                 if(isEmpty(&s) == true)                    break;                 element = pop(&s);             }             /* If element is greater than next, then push                the element back */             if (element > next)                 push(&s, element);         }         /* push next to stack so that we can find            next greater for it */         push(&s, next);     }     /* After iterating over the loop, the remaining        elements in stack do not have the next greater        element, so print -1 for them */     while (isEmpty(&s) == false)     {         element = pop(&s);         next = -1;         printf("n %d --> %d", element, next);     } } /* Driver program to test above functions */ int main() {     int arr[]= {11, 13, 21, 3};     int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);     printNGE(arr, n);     getchar();     return 0; } ``` ## Java ```java //Java program to print next //greater element using stack public class NGE  {     static class stack      {         int top;         int items[] = new int[100];         // Stack functions to be used by printNGE         void push(int x)          {             if (top == 99)              {                 System.out.println("Stack full");             }              else              {                 items[++top] = x;             }         }         int pop()          {             if (top == -1)              {                 System.out.println("Underflow error");                 return -1;             }              else              {                 int element = items[top];                 top--;                 return element;             }         }         boolean isEmpty()          {             return (top == -1) ? true : false;         }     }     /* prints element and NGE pair for         all elements of arr[] of size n */     static void printNGE(int arr[], int n)      {         int i = 0;         stack s = new stack();         s.top = -1;         int element, next;         /* push the first element to stack */         s.push(arr[0]);         // iterate for rest of the elements         for (i = 1; i < n; i++)          {             next = arr[i];             if (s.isEmpty() == false)              {                 // if stack is not empty, then                  // pop an element from stack                 element = s.pop();                 /* If the popped element is smaller than                     next, then a) print the pair b) keep                     popping while elements are smaller and                     stack is not empty */                 while (element < next)                  {                     System.out.println(element + " --> " + next);                     if (s.isEmpty() == true)                         break;                     element = s.pop();                 }                 /* If element is greater than next, then                     push the element back */                 if (element > next)                     s.push(element);             }             /* push next to stack so that we can find next                greater for it */             s.push(next);         }         /* After iterating over the loop, the remaining             elements in stack do not have the next greater             element, so print -1 for them */         while (s.isEmpty() == false)          {             element = s.pop();             next = -1;             System.out.println(element + " -- " + next);         }     }     public static void main(String[] args)      {         int arr[] = { 11, 13, 21, 3 };         int n = arr.length;         printNGE(arr, n);     } } // Thanks to Rishabh Mahrsee for contributing this code  ``` ## Python ``` # Python program to print next greater element using stack # Stack Functions to be used by printNGE() def createStack():     stack = []     return stack def isEmpty(stack):     return len(stack) == 0 def push(stack, x):     stack.append(x) def pop(stack):     if isEmpty(stack):         print("Error : stack underflow")     else:         return stack.pop() '''prints element and NGE pair for all elements of    arr[] ''' def printNGE(arr):     s = createStack()     element = 0     next = 0     # push the first element to stack     push(s, arr[0])     # iterate for rest of the elements     for i in range(1, len(arr), 1):         next = arr[i]         if isEmpty(s) == False:             # if stack is not empty, then pop an element from stack             element = pop(s)             '''If the popped element is smaller than next, then                 a) print the pair                 b) keep popping while elements are smaller and                    stack is not empty '''             while element < next :                 print(str(element)+ " -- " + str(next))                 if isEmpty(s) == True :                     break                 element = pop(s)             '''If element is greater than next, then push                the element back '''             if  element > next:                 push(s, element)         '''push next to stack so that we can find            next greater for it '''         push(s, next)     '''After iterating over the loop, the remaining        elements in stack do not have the next greater        element, so print -1 for them '''     while isEmpty(s) == False:             element = pop(s)             next = -1             print(str(element) + " -- " + str(next)) # Driver program to test above functions arr = [11, 13, 21, 3] printNGE(arr) # This code is contributed by Sunny Karira ``` ## C# ``` using System; // c# program to print next  //greater element using stack  public class NGE {     public class stack     {         public int top;         public int[] items = new int[100];         // Stack functions to be used by printNGE          public virtual void push(int x)         {             if (top == 99)             {                 Console.WriteLine("Stack full");             }             else             {                 items[++top] = x;             }         }         public virtual int pop()         {             if (top == -1)             {                 Console.WriteLine("Underflow error");                 return -1;             }             else             {                 int element = items[top];                 top--;                 return element;             }         }         public virtual bool Empty         {             get             {                 return (top == -1) ? true : false;             }         }     }     /* prints element and NGE pair for          all elements of arr[] of size n */     public static void printNGE(int[] arr, int n)     {         int i = 0;         stack s = new stack();         s.top = -1;         int element, next;         /* push the first element to stack */         s.push(arr[0]);         // iterate for rest of the elements          for (i = 1; i < n; i++)         {             next = arr[i];             if (s.Empty == false)             {                 // if stack is not empty, then                   // pop an element from stack                  element = s.pop();                 /* If the popped element is smaller than                      next, then a) print the pair b) keep                      popping while elements are smaller and                      stack is not empty */                 while (element < next)                 {                     Console.WriteLine(element + " --> " + next);                     if (s.Empty == true)                     {                         break;                     }                     element = s.pop();                 }                 /* If element is greater than next, then                      push the element back */                 if (element > next)                 {                     s.push(element);                 }             }             /* push next to stack so that we can find next                 greater for it */             s.push(next);         }         /* After iterating over the loop, the remaining              elements in stack do not have the next greater              element, so print -1 for them */         while (s.Empty == false)         {             element = s.pop();             next = -1;             Console.WriteLine(element + " -- " + next);         }     }     public static void Main(string[] args)     {         int[] arr = new int[] {11, 13, 21, 3};         int n = arr.Length;         printNGE(arr, n);     } } // This code is contributed by Shrikant13 ``` **输出**: ``` 11 -- 13 13 -- 21 3 -- -1 21 -- -1 ``` **时间复杂度**:`O(n)`。 当所有元素以降序排序时,会发生最坏的情况。 如果元素按降序排序,则每个元素最多处理 4 次。 1. 最初被推入堆栈。 2. 处理下一个元素时从堆栈中弹出。 3. 由于下一个元素较小,因此被推回堆栈。 4. 在算法的第 3 步中从堆栈中弹出。 请参见[优化解决方案,以相同顺序进行打印。](https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/next-greater-element-in-same-order-as-input/) 如果您发现上述代码/算法有误,请写评论,或者找到其他解决相同问题的方法。