# Factorial Trailing Zeroes
### Source
- leetcode: [Factorial Trailing Zeroes | LeetCode OJ](https://leetcode.com/problems/factorial-trailing-zeroes/)
- lintcode: [(2) Trailing Zeros](http://www.lintcode.com/en/problem/trailing-zeros/)
~~~
Write an algorithm which computes the number of trailing zeros in n factorial.
Example
11! = 39916800, so the out should be 2
Challenge
O(log N) time
~~~
### 题解1 - Iterative
找阶乘数中末尾的连零数量,容易想到的是找相乘能为10的整数倍的数,如 2×52 \times 52×5, 1×101 \times 101×10 等,遥想当初做阿里笔试题时遇到过类似的题,当时想着算算5和10的个数就好了,可万万没想到啊,25可以变为两个5相乘!真是蠢死了... 根据数论里面的知识,任何正整数都可以表示为它的质因数的乘积[wikipedia](#)。所以比较准确的思路应该是计算质因数5和2的个数,取小的即可。质因数2的个数显然要大于5的个数,故只需要计算给定阶乘数中质因数中5的个数即可。原题的问题即转化为求阶乘数中质因数5的个数,首先可以试着分析下100以内的数,再试试100以上的数,聪明的你一定想到了可以使用求余求模等方法 :)
### Python
~~~
class Solution:
# @param {integer} n
# @return {integer}
def trailingZeroes(self, n):
if n < 0:
return -1
count = 0
while n > 0:
n /= 5
count += n
return count
~~~
### C++
~~~
class Solution {
public:
int trailingZeroes(int n) {
if (n < 0) {
return -1;
}
int count = 0;
for (; n > 0; n /= 5) {
count += (n / 5);
}
return count;
}
};
~~~
### Java
~~~
public class Solution {
public int trailingZeroes(int n) {
if (n < 0) {
return -1;
}
int count = 0;
for (; n > 0; n /= 5) {
count += (n / 5);
}
return count;
}
}
~~~
### 源码分析
1. 异常处理,小于0的数返回-1.
1. 先计算5的正整数幂都有哪些,不断使用 n / 5 即可知质因数5的个数。
1. 在循环时使用 `n /= 5` 而不是 `i *= 5`, 可有效防止溢出。
****> lintcode 和 leetcode 上的方法名不一样,在两个 OJ 上分别提交的时候稍微注意下。
### 复杂度分析
关键在于`n /= 5`执行的次数,时间复杂度 log5n\log_5 nlog5n,使用了`count`作为返回值,空间复杂度 O(1)O(1)O(1).
### 题解2 - Recursive
可以使用迭代处理的程序往往用递归,而且往往更为优雅。递归的终止条件为`n <= 0`.
### Python
~~~
class Solution:
# @param {integer} n
# @return {integer}
def trailingZeroes(self, n):
if n == 0:
return 0
elif n < 0:
return -1
else:
return n / 5 + self.trailingZeroes(n / 5)
~~~
### C++
~~~
class Solution {
public:
int trailingZeroes(int n) {
if (n == 0) {
return 0;
} else if (n < 0) {
return -1;
} else {
return n / 5 + trailingZeroes(n / 5);
}
}
};
~~~
### Java
~~~
public class Solution {
public int trailingZeroes(int n) {
if (n == 0) {
return 0;
} else if (n < 0) {
return -1;
} else {
return n / 5 + trailingZeroes(n / 5);
}
}
}
~~~
### 源码分析
这里将负数输入视为异常,返回-1而不是0. 注意使用递归时务必注意收敛和终止条件的返回值。这里递归层数最多不超过 log5n\log_5 nlog5n, 因此效率还是比较高的。
### 复杂度分析
递归层数最大为 log5n\log_5 nlog5n, 返回值均在栈上,可以认为没有使用辅助的堆空间。
### Reference
- wikipedia
> .
[Prime factor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_factor)[ ↩](# "Jump back to footnote [wikipedia] in the text.")
- [Count trailing zeroes in factorial of a number - GeeksforGeeks](http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/count-trailing-zeroes-factorial-number/)
- Preface
- Part I - Basics
- Basics Data Structure
- String
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- Huffman Compression
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- Part II - Coding
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- Integer Array
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- Single Number
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- Factorial Trailing Zeroes
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- Graph
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- Part III - Contest
- Google APAC
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- Microsoft
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- Microsoft 2015 April 2
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- Appendix I Interview and Resume
- Interview
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