# Merge Two Sorted Lists
### Source
- lintcode: [(165) Merge Two Sorted Lists](http://www.lintcode.com/en/problem/merge-two-sorted-lists/)
- leetcode: [Merge Two Sorted Lists | LeetCode OJ](https://leetcode.com/problems/merge-two-sorted-lists/)
~~~
Merge two sorted linked lists and return it as a new list.
The new list should be made by splicing together the nodes of the first two lists.
Example
Given 1->3->8->11->15->null, 2->null , return 1->2->3->8->11->15->null
~~~
### 题解
此题为两个链表的合并,合并后的表头节点不一定,故应联想到使用`dummy`节点。链表节点的插入主要涉及节点`next`指针值的改变,两个链表的合并操作则涉及到两个节点的`next`值变化,若每次合并一个节点都要改变两个节点`next`的值且要对`NULL`指针做异常处理,势必会异常麻烦。嗯,第一次做这个题时我就是这么想的... 下面看看相对较好的思路。
首先`dummy`节点还是必须要用到,除了`dummy`节点外还引入一个`lastNode`节点充当下一次合并时的头节点。在`l1`或者`l2`的某一个节点为空指针`NULL`时,退出`while`循环,并将非空链表的头部链接到`lastNode->next`中。
### C++
~~~
/**
* Definition for singly-linked list.
* struct ListNode {
* int val;
* ListNode *next;
* ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public:
ListNode* mergeTwoLists(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2) {
ListNode *dummy = new ListNode(0);
ListNode *lastNode = dummy;
while ((NULL != l1) && (NULL != l2)) {
if (l1->val < l2->val) {
lastNode->next = l1;
l1 = l1->next;
} else {
lastNode->next = l2;
l2 = l2->next;
}
lastNode = lastNode->next;
}
// do not forget this line!
lastNode->next = (NULL != l1) ? l1 : l2;
return dummy->next;
}
};
~~~
### 源码分析
1. 异常处理,包含在`dummy->next`中。
1. 引入`dummy`和`lastNode`节点,此时`lastNode`指向的节点为`dummy`
1. 对非空l1,l2循环处理,将l1/l2的较小者链接到`lastNode->next`,往后递推`lastNode`
1. 最后处理l1/l2中某一链表为空退出while循环,将非空链表头链接到`lastNode->next`
1. 返回`dummy->next`,即最终的首指针
注意`lastNode`的递推并不影响`dummy->next`的值,因为`lastNode`和`dummy`是两个不同的指针变量。
****> 链表的合并为常用操作,务必非常熟练,以上的模板非常精炼,有两个地方需要记牢。1. 循环结束条件中为条件与操作;2. 最后处理`lastNode->next`指针的值。
### 复杂度分析
最好情况下,一个链表为空,时间复杂度为 O(1)O(1)O(1). 最坏情况下,`lastNode`遍历两个链表中的每一个节点,时间复杂度为 O(l1+l2)O(l1+l2)O(l1+l2). 空间复杂度近似为 O(1)O(1)O(1).
### Reference
- [Merge Two Sorted Lists | 九章算法](http://www.jiuzhang.com/solutions/merge-two-sorted-lists/)
- Preface
- Part I - Basics
- Basics Data Structure
- String
- Linked List
- Binary Tree
- Huffman Compression
- Queue
- Heap
- Stack
- Set
- Map
- Graph
- Basics Sorting
- Bubble Sort
- Selection Sort
- Insertion Sort
- Merge Sort
- Quick Sort
- Heap Sort
- Bucket Sort
- Counting Sort
- Radix Sort
- Basics Algorithm
- Divide and Conquer
- Binary Search
- Math
- Greatest Common Divisor
- Prime
- Knapsack
- Probability
- Shuffle
- Basics Misc
- Bit Manipulation
- Part II - Coding
- String
- strStr
- Two Strings Are Anagrams
- Compare Strings
- Anagrams
- Longest Common Substring
- Rotate String
- Reverse Words in a String
- Valid Palindrome
- Longest Palindromic Substring
- Space Replacement
- Wildcard Matching
- Length of Last Word
- Count and Say
- Integer Array
- Remove Element
- Zero Sum Subarray
- Subarray Sum K
- Subarray Sum Closest
- Recover Rotated Sorted Array
- Product of Array Exclude Itself
- Partition Array
- First Missing Positive
- 2 Sum
- 3 Sum
- 3 Sum Closest
- Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array
- Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array II
- Merge Sorted Array
- Merge Sorted Array II
- Median
- Partition Array by Odd and Even
- Kth Largest Element
- Binary Search
- Binary Search
- Search Insert Position
- Search for a Range
- First Bad Version
- Search a 2D Matrix
- Search a 2D Matrix II
- Find Peak Element
- Search in Rotated Sorted Array
- Search in Rotated Sorted Array II
- Find Minimum in Rotated Sorted Array
- Find Minimum in Rotated Sorted Array II
- Median of two Sorted Arrays
- Sqrt x
- Wood Cut
- Math and Bit Manipulation
- Single Number
- Single Number II
- Single Number III
- O1 Check Power of 2
- Convert Integer A to Integer B
- Factorial Trailing Zeroes
- Unique Binary Search Trees
- Update Bits
- Fast Power
- Hash Function
- Count 1 in Binary
- Fibonacci
- A plus B Problem
- Print Numbers by Recursion
- Majority Number
- Majority Number II
- Majority Number III
- Digit Counts
- Ugly Number
- Plus One
- Linked List
- Remove Duplicates from Sorted List
- Remove Duplicates from Sorted List II
- Remove Duplicates from Unsorted List
- Partition List
- Two Lists Sum
- Two Lists Sum Advanced
- Remove Nth Node From End of List
- Linked List Cycle
- Linked List Cycle II
- Reverse Linked List
- Reverse Linked List II
- Merge Two Sorted Lists
- Merge k Sorted Lists
- Reorder List
- Copy List with Random Pointer
- Sort List
- Insertion Sort List
- Check if a singly linked list is palindrome
- Delete Node in the Middle of Singly Linked List
- Rotate List
- Swap Nodes in Pairs
- Remove Linked List Elements
- Binary Tree
- Binary Tree Preorder Traversal
- Binary Tree Inorder Traversal
- Binary Tree Postorder Traversal
- Binary Tree Level Order Traversal
- Binary Tree Level Order Traversal II
- Maximum Depth of Binary Tree
- Balanced Binary Tree
- Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum
- Lowest Common Ancestor
- Invert Binary Tree
- Diameter of a Binary Tree
- Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal
- Construct Binary Tree from Inorder and Postorder Traversal
- Subtree
- Binary Tree Zigzag Level Order Traversal
- Binary Tree Serialization
- Binary Search Tree
- Insert Node in a Binary Search Tree
- Validate Binary Search Tree
- Search Range in Binary Search Tree
- Convert Sorted Array to Binary Search Tree
- Convert Sorted List to Binary Search Tree
- Binary Search Tree Iterator
- Exhaustive Search
- Subsets
- Unique Subsets
- Permutations
- Unique Permutations
- Next Permutation
- Previous Permuation
- Unique Binary Search Trees II
- Permutation Index
- Permutation Index II
- Permutation Sequence
- Palindrome Partitioning
- Combinations
- Combination Sum
- Combination Sum II
- Minimum Depth of Binary Tree
- Word Search
- Dynamic Programming
- Triangle
- Backpack
- Backpack II
- Minimum Path Sum
- Unique Paths
- Unique Paths II
- Climbing Stairs
- Jump Game
- Word Break
- Longest Increasing Subsequence
- Palindrome Partitioning II
- Longest Common Subsequence
- Edit Distance
- Jump Game II
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock II
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock III
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock IV
- Distinct Subsequences
- Interleaving String
- Maximum Subarray
- Maximum Subarray II
- Longest Increasing Continuous subsequence
- Longest Increasing Continuous subsequence II
- Graph
- Find the Connected Component in the Undirected Graph
- Route Between Two Nodes in Graph
- Topological Sorting
- Word Ladder
- Bipartial Graph Part I
- Data Structure
- Implement Queue by Two Stacks
- Min Stack
- Sliding Window Maximum
- Longest Words
- Heapify
- Problem Misc
- Nuts and Bolts Problem
- String to Integer
- Insert Interval
- Merge Intervals
- Minimum Subarray
- Matrix Zigzag Traversal
- Valid Sudoku
- Add Binary
- Reverse Integer
- Gray Code
- Find the Missing Number
- Minimum Window Substring
- Continuous Subarray Sum
- Continuous Subarray Sum II
- Longest Consecutive Sequence
- Part III - Contest
- Google APAC
- APAC 2015 Round B
- Problem A. Password Attacker
- Microsoft
- Microsoft 2015 April
- Problem A. Magic Box
- Problem B. Professor Q's Software
- Problem C. Islands Travel
- Problem D. Recruitment
- Microsoft 2015 April 2
- Problem A. Lucky Substrings
- Problem B. Numeric Keypad
- Problem C. Spring Outing
- Microsoft 2015 September 2
- Problem A. Farthest Point
- Appendix I Interview and Resume
- Interview
- Resume