# Linked List Cycle
### Source
- leetcode: [Linked List Cycle | LeetCode OJ](https://leetcode.com/problems/linked-list-cycle/)
- lintcode: [(102) Linked List Cycle](http://www.lintcode.com/en/problem/linked-list-cycle/)
~~~
Given a linked list, determine if it has a cycle in it.
Example
Given -21->10->4->5, tail connects to node index 1, return true
Challenge
Follow up:
Can you solve it without using extra space?
~~~
### 题解 - 快慢指针
对于带环链表的检测,效率较高且易于实现的一种方式为使用快慢指针。快指针每次走两步,慢指针每次走一步,如果快慢指针相遇(快慢指针所指内存为同一区域)则有环,否则快指针会一直走到`NULL`为止退出循环,返回`false`.
快指针走到`NULL`退出循环即可确定此链表一定无环这个很好理解。那么带环的链表快慢指针一定会相遇吗?先来看看下图。
![Linked List Cycle](https://box.kancloud.cn/2015-10-24_562b1f4a7a4ad.png)
在有环的情况下,最终快慢指针一定都走在环内,加入第`i`次遍历时快指针还需要`k`步才能追上慢指针,由于快指针比慢指针每次多走一步。那么每遍历一次快慢指针间的间距都会减少1,直至最终相遇。故快慢指针相遇一定能确定该链表有环。
### C++
~~~
/**
* Definition of ListNode
* class ListNode {
* public:
* int val;
* ListNode *next;
* ListNode(int val) {
* this->val = val;
* this->next = NULL;
* }
* }
*/
class Solution {
public:
/**
* @param head: The first node of linked list.
* @return: True if it has a cycle, or false
*/
bool hasCycle(ListNode *head) {
if (NULL == head || NULL == head->next) {
return false;
}
ListNode *slow = head, *fast = head->next;
while (NULL != fast && NULL != fast->next) {
fast = fast->next->next;
slow = slow->next;
if (slow == fast) return true;
}
return false;
}
};
~~~
### 源码分析
1. 异常处理,将`head->next`也考虑在内有助于简化后面的代码。
1. 慢指针初始化为`head`, 快指针初始化为`head`的下一个节点,这是快慢指针初始化的一种方法,有时会简化边界处理,但有时会增加麻烦,比如该题的进阶版。
### 复杂度分析
1. 在无环时,快指针每次走两步走到尾部节点,遍历的时间复杂度为 O(n/2)O(n/2)O(n/2).
1. 有环时,最坏的时间复杂度近似为 O(n)O(n)O(n). 最坏情况下链表的头尾相接,此时快指针恰好在慢指针前一个节点,还需 n 次快慢指针相遇。最好情况和无环相同,尾节点出现环。
故总的时间复杂度可近似为 O(n)O(n)O(n).
### Reference
- [Linked List Cycle | 九章算法](http://www.jiuzhang.com/solutions/linked-list-cycle/)
- Preface
- Part I - Basics
- Basics Data Structure
- String
- Linked List
- Binary Tree
- Huffman Compression
- Queue
- Heap
- Stack
- Set
- Map
- Graph
- Basics Sorting
- Bubble Sort
- Selection Sort
- Insertion Sort
- Merge Sort
- Quick Sort
- Heap Sort
- Bucket Sort
- Counting Sort
- Radix Sort
- Basics Algorithm
- Divide and Conquer
- Binary Search
- Math
- Greatest Common Divisor
- Prime
- Knapsack
- Probability
- Shuffle
- Basics Misc
- Bit Manipulation
- Part II - Coding
- String
- strStr
- Two Strings Are Anagrams
- Compare Strings
- Anagrams
- Longest Common Substring
- Rotate String
- Reverse Words in a String
- Valid Palindrome
- Longest Palindromic Substring
- Space Replacement
- Wildcard Matching
- Length of Last Word
- Count and Say
- Integer Array
- Remove Element
- Zero Sum Subarray
- Subarray Sum K
- Subarray Sum Closest
- Recover Rotated Sorted Array
- Product of Array Exclude Itself
- Partition Array
- First Missing Positive
- 2 Sum
- 3 Sum
- 3 Sum Closest
- Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array
- Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array II
- Merge Sorted Array
- Merge Sorted Array II
- Median
- Partition Array by Odd and Even
- Kth Largest Element
- Binary Search
- Binary Search
- Search Insert Position
- Search for a Range
- First Bad Version
- Search a 2D Matrix
- Search a 2D Matrix II
- Find Peak Element
- Search in Rotated Sorted Array
- Search in Rotated Sorted Array II
- Find Minimum in Rotated Sorted Array
- Find Minimum in Rotated Sorted Array II
- Median of two Sorted Arrays
- Sqrt x
- Wood Cut
- Math and Bit Manipulation
- Single Number
- Single Number II
- Single Number III
- O1 Check Power of 2
- Convert Integer A to Integer B
- Factorial Trailing Zeroes
- Unique Binary Search Trees
- Update Bits
- Fast Power
- Hash Function
- Count 1 in Binary
- Fibonacci
- A plus B Problem
- Print Numbers by Recursion
- Majority Number
- Majority Number II
- Majority Number III
- Digit Counts
- Ugly Number
- Plus One
- Linked List
- Remove Duplicates from Sorted List
- Remove Duplicates from Sorted List II
- Remove Duplicates from Unsorted List
- Partition List
- Two Lists Sum
- Two Lists Sum Advanced
- Remove Nth Node From End of List
- Linked List Cycle
- Linked List Cycle II
- Reverse Linked List
- Reverse Linked List II
- Merge Two Sorted Lists
- Merge k Sorted Lists
- Reorder List
- Copy List with Random Pointer
- Sort List
- Insertion Sort List
- Check if a singly linked list is palindrome
- Delete Node in the Middle of Singly Linked List
- Rotate List
- Swap Nodes in Pairs
- Remove Linked List Elements
- Binary Tree
- Binary Tree Preorder Traversal
- Binary Tree Inorder Traversal
- Binary Tree Postorder Traversal
- Binary Tree Level Order Traversal
- Binary Tree Level Order Traversal II
- Maximum Depth of Binary Tree
- Balanced Binary Tree
- Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum
- Lowest Common Ancestor
- Invert Binary Tree
- Diameter of a Binary Tree
- Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal
- Construct Binary Tree from Inorder and Postorder Traversal
- Subtree
- Binary Tree Zigzag Level Order Traversal
- Binary Tree Serialization
- Binary Search Tree
- Insert Node in a Binary Search Tree
- Validate Binary Search Tree
- Search Range in Binary Search Tree
- Convert Sorted Array to Binary Search Tree
- Convert Sorted List to Binary Search Tree
- Binary Search Tree Iterator
- Exhaustive Search
- Subsets
- Unique Subsets
- Permutations
- Unique Permutations
- Next Permutation
- Previous Permuation
- Unique Binary Search Trees II
- Permutation Index
- Permutation Index II
- Permutation Sequence
- Palindrome Partitioning
- Combinations
- Combination Sum
- Combination Sum II
- Minimum Depth of Binary Tree
- Word Search
- Dynamic Programming
- Triangle
- Backpack
- Backpack II
- Minimum Path Sum
- Unique Paths
- Unique Paths II
- Climbing Stairs
- Jump Game
- Word Break
- Longest Increasing Subsequence
- Palindrome Partitioning II
- Longest Common Subsequence
- Edit Distance
- Jump Game II
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock II
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock III
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock IV
- Distinct Subsequences
- Interleaving String
- Maximum Subarray
- Maximum Subarray II
- Longest Increasing Continuous subsequence
- Longest Increasing Continuous subsequence II
- Graph
- Find the Connected Component in the Undirected Graph
- Route Between Two Nodes in Graph
- Topological Sorting
- Word Ladder
- Bipartial Graph Part I
- Data Structure
- Implement Queue by Two Stacks
- Min Stack
- Sliding Window Maximum
- Longest Words
- Heapify
- Problem Misc
- Nuts and Bolts Problem
- String to Integer
- Insert Interval
- Merge Intervals
- Minimum Subarray
- Matrix Zigzag Traversal
- Valid Sudoku
- Add Binary
- Reverse Integer
- Gray Code
- Find the Missing Number
- Minimum Window Substring
- Continuous Subarray Sum
- Continuous Subarray Sum II
- Longest Consecutive Sequence
- Part III - Contest
- Google APAC
- APAC 2015 Round B
- Problem A. Password Attacker
- Microsoft
- Microsoft 2015 April
- Problem A. Magic Box
- Problem B. Professor Q's Software
- Problem C. Islands Travel
- Problem D. Recruitment
- Microsoft 2015 April 2
- Problem A. Lucky Substrings
- Problem B. Numeric Keypad
- Problem C. Spring Outing
- Microsoft 2015 September 2
- Problem A. Farthest Point
- Appendix I Interview and Resume
- Interview
- Resume