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# GTK+ 对话框 > 原文: [http://zetcode.com/gui/gtk2/gtkdialogs/](http://zetcode.com/gui/gtk2/gtkdialogs/) 在 GTK+ 编程教程的这一部分中,我们使用对话框。 对话框窗口或对话框是大多数现代 GUI 应用必不可少的部分。 对话被定义为两个或更多人之间的对话。 在计算机应用中,对话框是一个窗口,用于与应用“对话”。 对话框用于输入数据,修改数据,更改应用设置等。 ## `MessageDialog` 消息对话框是方便的对话框,可向应用的用户提供消息。 该消息包含文本和图像数据。 `messagedialogs.c` ```c #include <gtk/gtk.h> void show_info(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer window) { GtkWidget *dialog; dialog = gtk_message_dialog_new(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT, GTK_MESSAGE_INFO, GTK_BUTTONS_OK, "Download Completed"); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(dialog), "Information"); gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog)); gtk_widget_destroy(dialog); } void show_error(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer window) { GtkWidget *dialog; dialog = gtk_message_dialog_new(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT, GTK_MESSAGE_ERROR, GTK_BUTTONS_OK, "Error loading file"); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(dialog), "Error"); gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog)); gtk_widget_destroy(dialog); } void show_question(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer window) { GtkWidget *dialog; dialog = gtk_message_dialog_new(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT, GTK_MESSAGE_QUESTION, GTK_BUTTONS_YES_NO, "Are you sure to quit?"); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(dialog), "Question"); gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog)); gtk_widget_destroy(dialog); } void show_warning(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer window) { GtkWidget *dialog; dialog = gtk_message_dialog_new(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT, GTK_MESSAGE_WARNING, GTK_BUTTONS_OK, "Unallowed operation"); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(dialog), "Warning"); gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog)); gtk_widget_destroy(dialog); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { GtkWidget *window; GtkWidget *table; GtkWidget *info; GtkWidget *warn; GtkWidget *que; GtkWidget *err; gtk_init(&argc, &argv); window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER); gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window), 220, 150); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "Message dialogs"); table = gtk_table_new(2, 2, TRUE); gtk_table_set_row_spacings(GTK_TABLE(table), 2); gtk_table_set_col_spacings(GTK_TABLE(table), 2); info = gtk_button_new_with_label("Info"); warn = gtk_button_new_with_label("Warning"); que = gtk_button_new_with_label("Question"); err = gtk_button_new_with_label("Error"); gtk_table_attach(GTK_TABLE(table), info, 0, 1, 0, 1, GTK_FILL, GTK_FILL, 3, 3); gtk_table_attach(GTK_TABLE(table), warn, 1, 2, 0, 1, GTK_FILL, GTK_FILL, 3, 3); gtk_table_attach(GTK_TABLE(table), que, 0, 1, 1, 2, GTK_FILL, GTK_FILL, 3, 3); gtk_table_attach(GTK_TABLE(table), err, 1, 2, 1, 2, GTK_FILL, GTK_FILL, 3, 3); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), table); gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(window), 15); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(info), "clicked", G_CALLBACK(show_info), (gpointer) window); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(warn), "clicked", G_CALLBACK(show_warning), (gpointer) window); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(que), "clicked", G_CALLBACK(show_question), (gpointer) window); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(err), "clicked", G_CALLBACK(show_error), (gpointer) window); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window), "destroy", G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), G_OBJECT(window)); gtk_widget_show_all(window); gtk_main(); return 0; } ``` 在我们的示例中,我们显示了四种消息对话框:信息,警告,问题和错误消息对话框。 ```c void show_question(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer window) { GtkWidget *dialog; dialog = gtk_message_dialog_new(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_DIALOG_DESTROY_WITH_PARENT, GTK_MESSAGE_QUESTION, GTK_BUTTONS_YES_NO, "Are you sure to quit?"); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(dialog), "Question"); gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog)); gtk_widget_destroy(dialog); } ``` 在`show_question()`函数中,我们弹出消息对话框。 消息对话框是使用`gtk_message_dialog_new()`调用创建的。 函数的参数指定我们创建哪种消息对话框。 `GTK_MESSAGE_QUESTION`常量创建一个问题类型对话框。 `GTK_BUTTONS_YES_NO`常量将在对话框中添加“是”和“否”按钮。 最后一个参数是我们在对话框中显示的文本。 `gtk_dialog_run()`函数显示对话框并阻塞主循环,直到对话框响应或被破坏为止。 该对话框必须使用`gtk_widget_destroy()`函数销毁。 ![Information message dialog](https://img.kancloud.cn/2a/f5/2af50aed0bac19731eda834b729268e9_214x154.jpg) ![Warning message dialog](https://img.kancloud.cn/58/bb/58bb7293bb98d29937168dcac8ebff30_210x154.jpg) ![Question message dialog](https://img.kancloud.cn/a4/51/a4517b1a6096393af310478d034feb76_207x154.jpg) ![Error message dialog](https://img.kancloud.cn/be/bd/bebdd243f17dadd652990536b4e4f641_183x154.jpg) 图:消息对话框 ## `GtkAboutDialog` `GtkAboutDialog`是一个对话框,其目的是显示有关应用的信息。 它可以显示徽标,应用名称,版本,版权,网站和许可证信息。 也有可能对作者,文档撰写者,翻译者和艺术家予以赞扬。 `aboutdialog.c` ```c #include <gtk/gtk.h> void show_about(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer data) { GdkPixbuf *pixbuf = gdk_pixbuf_new_from_file("battery.png", NULL); GtkWidget *dialog = gtk_about_dialog_new(); gtk_about_dialog_set_name(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), "Battery"); gtk_about_dialog_set_version(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), "0.9"); gtk_about_dialog_set_copyright(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog),"(c) Jan Bodnar"); gtk_about_dialog_set_comments(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), "Battery is a simple tool for battery checking."); gtk_about_dialog_set_website(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), "http://www.batteryhq.net"); gtk_about_dialog_set_logo(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), pixbuf); g_object_unref(pixbuf), pixbuf = NULL; gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG (dialog)); gtk_widget_destroy(dialog); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { GtkWidget *window; GtkWidget *about; GdkPixbuf *battery; gtk_init(&argc, &argv); window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER); gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window), 220, 150); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "Battery"); gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(window), 15); gtk_widget_add_events(window, GDK_BUTTON_PRESS_MASK); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window), "button-press-event", G_CALLBACK(show_about), (gpointer) window); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window), "destroy", G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), G_OBJECT(window)); gtk_widget_show_all(window); gtk_main(); return 0; } ``` 该代码示例使用具有某些功能的`GtkAboutDialog`。 单击窗口的客户区域会弹出对话框。 ```c GtkWidget *dialog = gtk_about_dialog_new(); ``` `GtkAboutDialog`是使用`gtk_about_dialog_new()`函数创建的。 ```c gtk_about_dialog_set_name(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), "Battery"); gtk_about_dialog_set_version(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), "0.9"); gtk_about_dialog_set_copyright(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), "(c) Jan Bodnar"); ``` 这些函数调用设置应用的名称,版本和版权。 ```c gtk_about_dialog_set_comments(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), "Battery is a simple tool for battery checking."); gtk_about_dialog_set_website(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), "http://www.batteryhq.net"); ``` 这些行设置了描述性注释和应用的网站。 ```c GdkPixbuf *pixbuf = gdk_pixbuf_new_from_file("battery.png", NULL); ... gtk_about_dialog_set_logo(GTK_ABOUT_DIALOG(dialog), pixbuf); g_object_unref(pixbuf), pixbuf = NULL; ``` 此代码创建应用的徽标。 ![GtkAboutDialog](https://img.kancloud.cn/78/2f/782ffb93189ea94d53cdaef38227930f_277x234.jpg) 图:`GtkAboutDialog` ## `GtkFontSelectionDialog` `GtkFontSelectionDialog`是用于选择字体的对话框。 它通常用于进行一些文本编辑或格式化的应用中。 `fontdialog.c` ```c #include <gtk/gtk.h> void select_font(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer label) { GtkResponseType result; GtkWidget *dialog = gtk_font_selection_dialog_new("Select Font"); result = gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog)); if (result == GTK_RESPONSE_OK || result == GTK_RESPONSE_APPLY) { PangoFontDescription *font_desc; gchar *fontname = gtk_font_selection_dialog_get_font_name( GTK_FONT_SELECTION_DIALOG(dialog)); font_desc = pango_font_description_from_string(fontname); gtk_widget_modify_font(GTK_WIDGET(label), font_desc); g_free(fontname); } gtk_widget_destroy(dialog); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { GtkWidget *window; GtkWidget *label; GtkWidget *vbox; GtkWidget *toolbar; GtkToolItem *font; gtk_init(&argc, &argv); window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER); gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window), 280, 200); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "Font Selection Dialog"); vbox = gtk_vbox_new(FALSE, 0); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), vbox); toolbar = gtk_toolbar_new(); gtk_toolbar_set_style(GTK_TOOLBAR(toolbar), GTK_TOOLBAR_ICONS); gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(toolbar), 2); font = gtk_tool_button_new_from_stock(GTK_STOCK_SELECT_FONT); gtk_toolbar_insert(GTK_TOOLBAR(toolbar), font, -1); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(vbox), toolbar, FALSE, FALSE, 5); label = gtk_label_new("ZetCode"); gtk_label_set_justify(GTK_LABEL(label), GTK_JUSTIFY_CENTER); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(vbox), label, TRUE, FALSE, 5); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(font), "clicked", G_CALLBACK(select_font), label); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window), "destroy", G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), NULL); gtk_widget_show_all(window); gtk_main(); return 0; } ``` 在代码示例中,我们在窗口中心放置了一个简单标签。 我们通过单击工具栏按钮显示一个字体选择对话框。 ```c GtkWidget *dialog = gtk_font_selection_dialog_new("Select Font"); result = gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog)); ``` 我们使用`gtk_font_selection_dialog_new()`函数创建`GtkFontSelectionDialog`,然后使用`gtk_dialog_run()`函数运行它。 ```c if (result == GTK_RESPONSE_OK || result == GTK_RESPONSE_APPLY) { PangoFontDescription *font_desc; gchar *fontname = gtk_font_selection_dialog_get_font_name( GTK_FONT_SELECTION_DIALOG(dialog)); font_desc = pango_font_description_from_string(fontname); gtk_widget_modify_font(GTK_WIDGET(label), font_desc); g_free(fontname); } ``` 如果用户单击“确定”或“应用”按钮,则继续。 我们使用`gtk_font_selection_dialog_get_font_name()`函数获得选定的字体名称。 然后,将标签的字体更改为选定的字体名称。 ![GtkFontSelectionDialog](https://img.kancloud.cn/18/7d/187d25158e5761bccf384c17a8d8069f_449x365.jpg) 图:`GtkFontSelectionDialog` ## `GtkColorSelectionDialog` `GtkColorSelectionDialog`是用于选择颜色的对话框。 `colordialog.c` ```c #include <gtk/gtk.h> void select_font(GtkWidget *widget, gpointer label) { GtkResponseType result; GtkColorSelection *colorsel; GtkWidget *dialog = gtk_color_selection_dialog_new("Font Color"); result = gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog)); if (result == GTK_RESPONSE_OK) { GdkColor color; colorsel = GTK_COLOR_SELECTION( GTK_COLOR_SELECTION_DIALOG(dialog)->colorsel); gtk_color_selection_get_current_color(colorsel, &color); gtk_widget_modify_fg(GTK_WIDGET(label), GTK_STATE_NORMAL, &color); } gtk_widget_destroy(dialog); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { GtkWidget *window; GtkWidget *widget; GtkWidget *label; GtkWidget *vbox; GtkWidget *toolbar; GtkToolItem *font; gtk_init(&argc, &argv); window = gtk_window_new(GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); gtk_window_set_position(GTK_WINDOW(window), GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER); gtk_window_set_default_size(GTK_WINDOW(window), 280, 200); gtk_window_set_title(GTK_WINDOW(window), "Color Selection Dialog"); vbox = gtk_vbox_new(FALSE, 0); gtk_container_add(GTK_CONTAINER(window), vbox); toolbar = gtk_toolbar_new(); gtk_toolbar_set_style(GTK_TOOLBAR(toolbar), GTK_TOOLBAR_ICONS); gtk_container_set_border_width(GTK_CONTAINER(toolbar), 2); font = gtk_tool_button_new_from_stock(GTK_STOCK_SELECT_COLOR); gtk_toolbar_insert(GTK_TOOLBAR(toolbar), font, -1); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(vbox), toolbar, FALSE, FALSE, 5); label = gtk_label_new("ZetCode"); gtk_label_set_justify(GTK_LABEL(label), GTK_JUSTIFY_CENTER); gtk_box_pack_start(GTK_BOX(vbox), label, TRUE, FALSE, 5); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(font), "clicked", G_CALLBACK(select_font), label); g_signal_connect(G_OBJECT(window), "destroy", G_CALLBACK(gtk_main_quit), NULL); gtk_widget_show_all(window); gtk_main(); return 0; } ``` 该示例与上一个示例非常相似。 这次我们更改标签的颜色。 ```c GtkWidget *dialog = gtk_color_selection_dialog_new("Font Color"); result = gtk_dialog_run(GTK_DIALOG(dialog)); ``` 我们创建并显示`GtkColorSelectionDialog`。 ```c if (result == GTK_RESPONSE_OK) { GdkColor color; colorsel = GTK_COLOR_SELECTION( GTK_COLOR_SELECTION_DIALOG(dialog)->colorsel); gtk_color_selection_get_current_color(colorsel, &color); gtk_widget_modify_fg(GTK_WIDGET(label), GTK_STATE_NORMAL, &color); } ``` 如果按“确定”按钮,我们将获得颜色并修改标签的颜色。 颜色值通过`gtk_color_selection_get_current_color()`函数返回。 ![GtkColorSelectionDialog](https://img.kancloud.cn/16/ed/16ed6fcf1688b395e81f87c4aec6ec71_520x306.jpg) 图:`GtkColorSelectionDialog` 本章是关于 GTK+ 中的对话框的。