# 布局管理 > 原文： [http://zetcode.com/gui/vbwinforms/layout/](http://zetcode.com/gui/vbwinforms/layout/) Mono Winforms 教程继续进行控件的布局管理。 在将控件放置在其父容器上之后，我们必须确保它们的布局正确。 ## `Anchor` 控件的`Anchor`属性确定如何使用其父控件调整其大小。 锚是海洋世界中的一个术语。 当船锚掉入水中时，船就固定在某个地方。 Winforms 控件也是如此。 Winforms 中的每个控件都可以具有以下`AnchorStyles`值之一： * `TOP` * `LEFT` * `RIGHT` * `BOTTOM` 注意，控件不限于一个值。 他们可以使用`|`取这些值的任何组合。 运算符。 ## 基本`Anchor`示例 下面的示例显示一个非常基本的示例，演示`Anchor`属性。 ```vb ' ZetCode Mono Visual Basic Winforms tutorial ' ' This program demonstrates the Anchor property ' ' author jan bodnar ' last modified May 2009 ' website www.zetcode.com Imports System.Windows.Forms Imports System.Drawing Public Class WinVBApp Inherits Form Public Sub New Me.Text = "Check menu item" Me.Size = New Size(380, 220) Me.InitUI Me.CenterToScreen End Sub Private Sub InitUI Me.Text = "Anchor" Size = New Size(210, 210) Dim btn1 As New Button btn1.Text = "Button" btn1.Parent = Me btn1.Location = New Point(30, 30) Dim btn2 As New Button btn2.Text = "Button" btn2.Parent = Me btn2.Location = New Point(30, 80) btn2.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Right Me.CenterToScreen End Sub Public Shared Sub Main Application.Run(New WinVBApp) End Sub End Class ``` 这是一个非常基本的代码示例，清楚地显示了`Anchor`属性的含义。 我们在表单上有两个按钮。 第一个按钮具有默认的`AnchorStyles`值，即`AnchorStyles.Left`。 第二个按钮已显式设置`AnchorStyles.Right`。 ```vb btn2.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Right ``` 我们将第二个按钮的`Anchor`属性明确设置为`AnchorStyles`。 正确的值。 现在看看以下两个图像。 左边的是开始时显示的应用。 调整大小后，右侧显示相同的应用。 第一个按钮与表单的左边界和上边界保持距离。 第二个按钮与表单的右边框保持距离。 但是它在垂直方向上没有保持任何距离。   图：调整大小前后 ## `Dock` `Dock`属性允许我们将控件粘贴到父窗体或控件的特定边缘。 以下是可能的`DockStyle`值。 * `TOP` * `LEFT` * `RIGHT` * `BOTTOM` * `FILL` * `NONE` ## 编辑器骨架 以下代码示例演示了正在使用的`Dock`属性。 ```vb ' ZetCode Mono Visual Basic Winforms tutorial ' ' This program demonstrates the Dock property ' ' author jan bodnar ' last modified May 2009 ' website www.zetcode.com Imports System.Windows.Forms Imports System.Drawing Public Class WinVBApp Inherits Form Public Sub New Me.Text = "Editor" Me.Size = New Size(220, 170) Me.InitUI Me.CenterToScreen End Sub Private Sub InitUI Dim mainMenu As New MainMenu Dim file As MenuItem = mainMenu.MenuItems.Add("&File") file.MenuItems.Add(New MenuItem("E&xit", _ New EventHandler(AddressOf Me.OnExit), Shortcut.CtrlX)) Menu = mainMenu Dim tb As New TextBox tb.Parent = Me tb.Dock = DockStyle.Fill tb.Multiline = True Dim sb As New StatusBar sb.Parent = Me sb.Text = "Ready" End Sub Private Sub OnExit(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) Me.Close End Sub Public Shared Sub Main Application.Run(New WinVBApp) End Sub End Class ``` 我们显示一个菜单栏和一个状态栏。 其余区域由`TextBox`控件占用。 ```vb Dim tb As New TextBox tb.Parent = Me ``` 在这里，我们创建`TextBox`控件。 `Form`容器被设置为文本框的父级。 ```vb tb.Dock = DockStyle.Fill ``` 此代码行使`TextBox`控件占用了表单容器内的剩余空间。  图：编辑器骨架 ## 固定按钮 下一个示例显示了位于窗体右下角的两个按钮。 ```vb ' ZetCode Mono Visual Basic Winforms tutorial ' ' This program positions two buttons ' in the bottom right corner of ' the window ' ' author jan bodnar ' last modified May 2009 ' website www.zetcode.com Imports System.Windows.Forms Imports System.Drawing Public Class WinVBApp Inherits Form Private Const WIDTH = 250 Private Const HEIGHT = 150 Private Const BUTTONS_SPACE = 15 Private Const PANEL_SPACE = 8 Private Const CLOSE_SPACE = 10 Public Sub New Me.Text = "Buttons" Me.Size = New Size(WIDTH, HEIGHT) Me.InitUI Me.CenterToScreen End Sub Private Sub InitUI Dim ok As New Button Dim panelHeight As New Integer = ok.Height + PANEL_SPACE Dim panel As New Panel panel.Height = panelHeight panel.Dock = DockStyle.Bottom panel.Parent = Me Dim x As Integer = ok.Width * 2 + BUTTONS_SPACE Dim y As Integer = (panelHeight - ok.Height) / 2 ok.Text = "Ok" ok.Parent = panel ok.Location = New Point(WIDTH-x, y) ok.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Right Dim close As New Button x = close.Width close.Text = "Close" close.Parent = panel close.Location = New Point(WIDTH-x-CLOSE_SPACE, y) close.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Right End Sub Private Sub OnExit(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) Me.Close End Sub Public Shared Sub Main Application.Run(New WinVBApp) End Sub End Class ``` 该示例在对话框的右下角显示确定，关闭按钮，这在对话框窗口中很常见。 ```vb Private Const WIDTH = 250 Private Const HEIGHT = 150 ``` `WIDTH`和`HEIGHT`变量确定应用窗口的宽度和高度。 ```vb Private Const BUTTONS_SPACE = 15 Private Const PANEL_SPACE = 8 Private Const CLOSE_SPACE = 10 ``` `BUTTONS_SPACE`是“确定”和“关闭”按钮之间的空间。 `PANEL_SPACE`是面板和表单底部之间的空间。 最后，`CLOSE_SPACE`变量设置“关闭”按钮和表单右边框之间的间隔。 ```vb Dim panelHeight As New Integer = ok.Height + PANEL_SPACE ``` 在这里，我们计算面板的高度。 面板的高度基于“确定”按钮的高度。 并且我们添加了一些额外的空间，以使按钮不会太靠近边框。 ```vb Dim panel As New Panel panel.Height = panelHeight panel.Dock = DockStyle.Bottom panel.Parent = Me ``` 在这里，我们创建和管理`Panel`控件。 在此示例中，它用作按钮的容器。 它被粘贴到表单的底部边框。 然后将按钮放置在面板内。 ```vb ok.Text = "Ok" ok.Parent = panel ok.Location = New Point(WIDTH-x, y) ok.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Right ``` “确定”按钮的父级设置为面板控件。 计算位置。 并且`Anchor`属性设置为右侧。 另一个按钮的创建类似。  图：固定按钮 ## 播放器骨架 本部分最后的示例显示了一个更复杂的示例。 它是音乐播放器的骨架。 ```vb ' ZetCode Mono Visual Basic Winforms tutorial ' ' This program creates a skeleton of ' a music player. ' ' author jan bodnar ' last modified June 2009 ' website www.zetcode.com Imports System.Windows.Forms Imports System.Drawing Public Class WinVBApp Inherits Form Public Sub New Me.Text = "Player" Me.Size = New Size(350, 280) Me.InitUI Me.CenterToScreen End Sub Private Sub InitUI Dim mainMenu As New MainMenu Dim file As MenuItem = mainMenu.MenuItems.Add("&File") Dim playm As MenuItem = mainMenu.MenuItems.Add("&Play") Dim view As MenuItem = mainMenu.MenuItems.Add("&View") Dim tools As MenuItem = mainMenu.MenuItems.Add("&Tools") Dim favourites As MenuItem = mainMenu.MenuItems.Add("&Favourites") Dim help As MenuItem = mainMenu.MenuItems.Add("&Help") file.MenuItems.Add(New MenuItem("E&xit", _ New EventHandler(AddressOf Me.OnExit), Shortcut.CtrlX)) Menu = mainMenu Dim panel As New Panel panel.Parent = Me panel.BackColor = Color.Black panel.Dock = DockStyle.Fill Dim buttonPanel As New Panel buttonPanel.Parent = Me buttonPanel.Height = 40 buttonPanel.Dock = DockStyle.Bottom Dim pause As New Button pause.FlatStyle = FlatStyle.Popup pause.Parent = buttonPanel pause.Location = New Point(5, 10) pause.Size = New Size(25, 25) pause.Image = New Bitmap("pause.png") Dim play As New Button play.FlatStyle = FlatStyle.Popup play.Parent = buttonPanel play.Location = New Point(35, 10) play.Size = New Size(25, 25) play.Image = New Bitmap("play.png") Dim forward As New Button forward.FlatStyle = FlatStyle.Popup forward.Parent = buttonPanel forward.Location = New Point(80, 10) forward.Size = New Size(25, 25) forward.Image = New Bitmap("forward.png") Dim backward As New Button backward.FlatStyle = FlatStyle.Popup backward.Parent = buttonPanel backward.Location = New Point(110, 10) backward.Size = New Size(25, 25) backward.Image = New Bitmap("backward.png") Dim tb As = New TrackBar tb.Parent = buttonPanel tb.TickStyle = TickStyle.None tb.Size = New Size(150, 25) tb.Location = New Point(200, 10) tb.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Right Dim audio As New Button audio.FlatStyle = FlatStyle.Popup audio.Parent = buttonPanel audio.Size = New Size(25, 25) audio.Image = New Bitmap("audio.png") audio.Location = New Point(170, 10) audio.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Right Dim sb As New StatusBar sb.Parent = Me sb.Text = "Ready" Me.CenterToScreen End Sub Private Sub OnExit(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs) Me.Close End Sub Public Shared Sub Main Application.Run(New WinVBApp) End Sub End Class ``` 这是一个更复杂的示例，它同时显示了`Dock`和`Anchor`属性。 ```vb Dim mainMenu As New MainMenu Dim file As MenuItem = mainMenu.MenuItems.Add("&File") ... Menu = mainMenu ``` 在这里，我们创建菜单栏。 ```vb Dim panel As New Panel panel.Parent = Me panel.BackColor = Color.Black panel.Dock = DockStyle.Fill ``` 这是黑色的面板，占据了菜单栏，状态栏和控制面板剩余的所有剩余空间。 ```vb Dim buttonPanel As New Panel buttonPanel.Parent = Me buttonPanel.Height = 40 buttonPanel.Dock = DockStyle.Bottom ``` 这是控制面板。 它的父级是表单容器。 它被粘贴到表格的底部。 高度为 40 像素。 在此控制面板内部，我们放置了所有按钮和轨迹仪。 ```vb Dim pause As New Button pause.FlatStyle = FlatStyle.Popup pause.Parent = buttonPanel pause.Location = New Point(5, 10) pause.Size = New Size(25, 25) pause.Image = New Bitmap("pause.png") ``` 暂停按钮是具有默认`Anchor`属性值的四个按钮之一。 该按钮的样式设置为平面，因为它看起来更好。 我们在按钮上放置一个位图。 ```vb tb.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Right ... audio.Anchor = AnchorStyles.Right ``` 最后两个控件固定在右侧。  图：播放器骨架 Mono Visual Basic Winforms 教程的这一部分是关于控件的布局管理的。 我们实践了 Winforms 库提供的各种可能性。